Waseda University

Japanese: 早稲田大学 - わせだだいがく

Privately established. Founded in 1882 (Meiji 15) by Okuma Shigenobu as Tokyo Senmon Gakko in Totsuka Village, Minami Toshima County, Tokyo Prefecture.

[Hiroshi Takiguchi]

history

In 1881 (Meiji 14), Okuma, who was crowned as president, had a strong desire to establish a private school that would separate learning from politics and foster a spirit of freedom, in addition to being a political party, so he consulted with Ono Azusa, and with the help of seven young men from the Oto-kai group, including Takada Sanae and Amano Tameyuki, he organized the school and opened Tokyo Senmon Gakko the following year, October 21, 1882. At the time of its opening, the school had three departments: Political Science and Economics, Law, Science (abolished in 1883), and an English department, with lectures in the three departments being given exclusively in Japanese. The entrance fee was 1 yen, the monthly tuition fee was 1 yen, and the course period was 3 years. In 1886, Ono passed away, and at Takada's suggestion, Okuma became financially independent from the Okuma family, and began a correspondence course in politics and law using lecture notes (for students outside the school). In 1890, a literature department was established at the suggestion of Tsubouchi Yuzo (Shoyo), and the following year in 1891, the magazine Waseda Bungaku was launched. In September 1902 (Meiji 35), the school was renamed Waseda University. In 1904, a business department was opened in the university department. The following year, a department for international students from Qing Dynasty (China) was established, which at one time accepted 800 students, but was closed in 1910.

In 1907, the school song ("Miyako no Seihoku" ("Northwest of the Capital"), written by Soma Gyofu and sung by Togi Tetteki) was created on the 25th anniversary of the school's founding. In 1909, the science and engineering department was opened. The following year, in 1910, the athletics department was launched, integrating seven departments, including the baseball department. The 30th anniversary was postponed by one year due to a scandal, and in 1913 (Taisho 2), the university's "teaching mission" was issued. Its meaning was the independence of learning, the utilization of learning, and the cultivation of exemplary citizens, which indicated the university's school motto. In 1917, the so-called "Waseda Uproar" occurred over the issue of the university president, but Hiranuma Yoshio (1864-1938) was the representative who resolved the matter. That year, the new university ordinance was promulgated, and the university immediately began preparations, applied, and was approved in February 1920. Okuma passed away in January 1922 and was given a national funeral. Okuma's house was donated to the university and became the Okuma Hall, with the Okuma Memorial Hall opening in one corner (1927). Two years prior to that, in 1925, the library was built, and after that, in 1928 (Showa 3), the Theater Museum was completed.

The company celebrated its 50th anniversary in 1932, but around this time Japan was plunged into the Manchurian Incident, the Sino-Japanese War, and eventually World War II. In May 1945, during the war, an air raid destroyed one-third of the company's facilities, totaling 30,000 m2.

[Hiroshi Takiguchi]

Current Status

After the war, in April 1949 (Showa 24), the university was established under a new concept. The faculties were divided into the first and second faculties of Political Science and Economics, Law, Letters, Commerce, and Science and Engineering, and the Faculty of Education, which was based on the Higher Normal School, was added, making a total of 11 faculties. There were four schools, such as Waseda Senior High School, and five affiliated institutions, such as libraries and research institutes. There were 1,265 full-time faculty and staff, and 24,329 students. In 1951, six graduate schools were established under the new system: Political Science, Economics, Law, Letters, Commerce, and Engineering (renamed Science and Engineering in 1961). In February 1956, the university partnered with Michigan State University in the United States to begin joint research on improving productivity, and a production research institute was established within the university. The following year, in 1957, the day before the 75th anniversary ceremony (October 21), the Memorial Hall was completed, which could accommodate 10,000 people, including standing. In 1966, the School of Social Sciences was established. Around the time of the partnership with Michigan State University, exchanges with overseas countries gradually increased, and in 1963 the School of International Studies was opened, followed by many academic exchange agreements with universities in other countries. In 1982, various projects were planned to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the university's founding, and the School of Human Sciences and the Integrated Human Studies Center were opened in Mikajima, Tokorozawa City, Saitama Prefecture in 1987, and the graduate schools of Education were established in 1990, Human Sciences in 1991, and Social Sciences in 1994. Also in 1991, the Center for Academic Information was opened on the site of the former Abe Baseball Stadium. In 1997, the Institute of Social Science and the Institute of Systems Science were reorganized to form the Center for Asia-Pacific Studies, and at the same time the Graduate School of Asia-Pacific Studies was established, with the aim of coexisting with the Asia-Pacific region and becoming a base for disseminating information to the world. After subsequent reorganization, as of 2010, the university has 13 faculties: Political Science and Economics, Law, Culture, Media, and Society, Literature, Education, Commerce, Fundamental Science and Engineering, Creative Science and Engineering, Advanced Science and Engineering, Social Sciences, Human Sciences, Sports Sciences, and International Liberal Arts, and 22 graduate schools: Political Science, Economics, Law, Literature, Commerce, Fundamental Science and Engineering, Creative Science and Engineering, Advanced Science and Engineering, Education, Human Sciences, Social Sciences, Sports Sciences, Asia Pacific, International Information and Communications, Japanese Language Education, Information Production Systems, Public Management, Law, Finance, Accounting, Environment and Energy, and Teaching. The number of undergraduate and graduate students is 54,179, of which 3,124 are international students. As of 2010, the university had 2,179 full-time faculty members. The university is located at 1-6-1 Nishi-Waseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, among other locations.

[Hiroshi Takiguchi]

"Waseda University History Editorial Office (ed.), "Waseda University Centennial History," 5 volumes and 3 supplementary volumes (1978-1997, Waseda University Press) " "Waseda University History Editorial Office (ed.), "The Capital's Northwest -- The 100th Anniversary of the University's Founding, Waseda University: A Photographic History of 100 Years (1882-1982)" (1982, Waseda University Press)"

Waseda University (Meiji period)
Totsuka Village, Toyotama County (present-day Nishi-Waseda, Shinjuku Ward, Tokyo). "Illustrated Guide to Famous Places in Tokyo" (1912, Meiji 45), National Diet Library .

Waseda University (Meiji period)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

私立。1882年（明治15）大隈重信(おおくましげのぶ)により東京府南豊島(みなみとしま)郡戸塚村に東京専門学校として開校。

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歴史

1881年（明治14）挂冠(けいかん)した大隈は、政党のほかに、学問を政治より独立させ自由の精神を養う私学創設の念やみがたく、小野梓(あずさ)に諮り、小野のもとに集まる高田早苗(さなえ)、天野為之(ためゆき)ら7人の鴎渡(おうと)会の青年たちの助力を得て体制を整え、翌1882年10月21日、東京専門学校を開校した。開校時、政治経済学科、法律学科、理学科（1883年廃止）の3科と英語学科を置き、3科はもっぱら邦語をもって講義する。入学金1円、授業料月1円、修業期限3年。1886年小野が没し、高田の発案により大隈家から経済的に独立し、別に政治、法律2科の講義録による通信教育を始めた（校外生）。1890年坪内雄蔵（逍遙(しょうよう)）の提議により文学科を創設、翌1891年『早稲田文学』創刊。1902年（明治35）9月、早稲田大学と改称。1904年大学部に商科開設。その翌年清(しん)国（中国）留学生部を置き一時は800人を受け入れたが1910年に閉鎖。

　1907年、創立25周年に校歌（『都の西北』相馬御風(ぎょふう)詞、東儀鉄笛(とうぎてってき)曲）制定。1909年理工科開設。翌1910年野球部など7部を統轄して体育部発足。創立30周年は諒闇(りょうあん)により1年延期し、1913年（大正2）大学としての「教旨(きょうし)」が出された。その意は学問の独立、学問の活用、模範国民の造就で、大学の校是を示すものであった。1917年、学長問題で世にいう「早稲田騒動」が起こったが、平沼淑郎(よしお)（1864―1938）が代表者として事を収めた。その年、新大学令公布、大学はただちに準備を進め、申請、1920年2月認可された。1922年1月大隈没、国民葬。大隈邸が大学に寄付され大隈会館として、一隅に大隈記念講堂開館（1927）。その前々年の1925年には図書館、このあとの1928年（昭和3）演劇博物館竣工(しゅんこう)。

　1932年創立50周年を迎えるが、このころから日本は満州事変、日中戦争、やがて第二次世界大戦へと突入し、大戦下の1945年5月、空襲により諸施設の3分の1、延べ9000坪を焼失。

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現況

戦後、1949年（昭和24）4月新構想による大学発足。学部を政治経済学部、法学部、文学部、商学部、理工学部ともに第一、第二に分け、高等師範部を母体とした教育学部を加えて11学部とした。早稲田高等学院など学校4、図書館・研究所等附属機関5。専任教職員1265人、学生2万4329人であった。1951年新制大学院として政治学、経済学、法学、文学、商学、工学（1961年理工学と改める）の6研究科発足。1956年2月、アメリカのミシガン州立大学と提携し生産性向上に関する共同研究を開始、大学内に生産研究所を設置する。翌1957年、創立75周年式典（10月21日）前日、記念会堂竣工、立席を加えて1万人を収容する。1966年社会科学部設置。ミシガン州立大学提携前後より海外との交流しだいに多く、1963年国際部開設、諸外国大学との学術交流協定も多くなる。1982年創立100周年を記念して諸事業を計画し、埼玉県所沢市三ヶ島(みかじま)に人間科学部、人間総合研究センターを1987年に開設、1990年（平成2）教育学、1991年に人間科学、1994年には社会科学の各大学院研究科を設置した。また、1991年には安部(あべ)球場跡地に総合学術情報センターが開館。1997年、社会科学研究所とシステム科学研究所を改組し、アジア太平洋研究センターを、同時にアジア太平洋研究科を設置、アジア太平洋地域との共生、世界にむけての情報発信拠点を目ざす。その後の改組を経て、2010年（平成22）時点で、政治経済学、法学、文化構想学、文学、教育学、商学、基幹理工学、創造理工学、先進理工学、社会科学、人間科学、スポーツ科学、国際教養学の13学部と、政治学、経済学、法学、文学、商学、基幹理工学、創造理工学、先進理工学、教育学、人間科学、社会科学、スポーツ科学、アジア太平洋、国際情報通信、日本語教育、情報生産システム、公共経営、法務、ファイナンス、会計、環境・エネルギー、教職の22大学院研究科を擁する。学部・大学院の学生数は5万4179人、うち留学生は3124人。2010年度の専任教員は2179人。所在地は東京都新宿区西早稲田1-6-1ほか。

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『早稲田大学大学史編集所編『早稲田大学百年史』全5巻・別巻3（1978～1997・早稲田大学出版部）』▽『早稲田大学大学史編集所編『都の西北――建学百年　Waseda university a photographic history of 100 years（1882～1982）』（1982・早稲田大学出版部）』