The locus of points P with equal powers of two circles on a plane is called the radical axis of the two circles. The radical axis is perpendicular to the line (center line) connecting the centers of the two circles. If the centers of the two circles are O 1 and O 2 , the radii are r 1 and r 2 , the intersection point between the center lines of the two circles and the radical axis is O, and an arbitrary point on the radical axis is P, then the locus of points P with equal powers is given by PO 1 2 - r 1 2 =PO 2 2 - r 2 2 , or PO 1 2 -PO 2 2 =OO 1 2 -OO 2 2 = r 1 2 - r 2 2. A radical axis exists unless the two circles are concentric. When the two circles are tangent, their common tangent is the radical axis, and when the two circles intersect, the line connecting their intersection is the radical axis. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
平面上の2円に関する方べき (方冪) の等しい点Pの軌跡を,この2円の根軸という。根軸は2円の中心を結ぶ直線 (中心線) に垂直である。いま2円の中心をそれぞれ O1 ,O2 ,半径をそれぞれ r1 ,r2 ,2円の中心線と根軸との交点を O ,根軸上の任意の1点を P とすれば,方べきの等しい点 P の軌跡は,PO12-r12=PO22-r22 ,すなわち,PO12-PO22=OO12-OO22=r12-r22 で与えられる。2円が同心円でないかぎり根軸は存在し,2円が接しているときは,それらの共通接線,2円が交わっているときは,それらの交点を結ぶ直線がそれぞれ根軸になる。
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