It is one of the basic concepts in Anglo-American contract law, and is translated as consideration. Anglo-American contract law has taken the position that for a contract to be valid, it must either be in writing, called a deed, or there must be a consideration. A consideration is a promise made by one party to another, or an act or omission by another party in return for a promise made by the other party. A consideration must be real in the eyes of the law, and therefore a contract cannot be legally valid if it is made out of love or as a fulfillment of a moral obligation (unless it is in the form of a deed). However, it is not necessary for the consideration to be sufficient, and the traditional position has been that a promise to give a bag of peppercorns in return for the transfer of a plot of land can be considered a consideration as long as it is given in return by the parties. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
英米契約法上の基本的概念の一つで,約因と訳されている。英米契約法は,契約が有効に成立するには,一定の方式を踏んだ〈捺印証書deed〉とよばれる書面によっているか,コンシダレーションが存在するかの,どちらかが必要であるという立場をとってきた。コンシダレーションとは,甲が乙にした約束に対する見返りとなっている乙から甲への約束または乙の行為もしくは受忍(不作為)をいう。コンシダレーションは,法の目からみて実在的であることが必要であり,したがって愛情からあるいは道徳的義務の履行としてある約束をしたという場合には(捺印証書によっていない限り)法律上有効な契約は成立しないが,対価として十分であることは必要でなく,例えば一筆の土地の譲渡に対してコショウの実1袋を与えるという約束も,それが当事者によって見返りとされている限り,コンシダレーションの存在を認めることができるというのが,伝統的な立場であった。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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