Fund Management Department

An organization of the Ministry of Finance (now the Ministry of Finance) that existed until 2001. It was a government organization that consolidated and managed the reserves and surplus funds of postal savings and various special accounts as the Fund Management Department's funds and managed them, but was abolished in April 2001 and its operations were taken over by the Fiscal Loan and Loan Fund.

The former Fund Management Department was formerly the Ministry of Finance's Deposit Department, which was established in 1885 (Meiji 18), and the Fund Management Department of the Ministry of Finance was established based on the Fund Management Department Fund Law enacted in 1951 (Showa 26). The Fund Management Department's funds are collected through a national system based on the country's credit, and as of the end of December 2000 (Heisei 12), its total assets amounted to 439,662.6 billion yen, of which the end-of-term balance of securities held was 85,955.8 billion yen, long-term government bonds were 72,682.3 billion yen (16.5%), general account and special account loans were 99,241.4 billion yen (22.5%), loans to government-related organizations were 116,051.8 billion yen (26.4%), loans to public corporations and business organizations (special corporations) were 71,034.4 billion yen (16.1%), and loans to local governments were 69,531.8 billion yen (15.8%).

The balance of funds deposited with the Fund Management Department at the end of fiscal year 2000 was 427,850.6 billion yen. Of this, postal savings and postal transfers accounted for 247,007.9 billion yen, or 57.7%, and the Special Account for Welfare Insurance accounted for 131,520.6 billion yen, or 30.7%. The balance of bonds and loans was 431,940.7 billion yen, of which bonds were 85,955.8 billion yen and loans were 345,984.9 billion yen.

The Fund Management Department Special Account was established to separately account for revenues and expenditures arising from the management of Fund Management Department funds from the general account. Revenues include the interest earned from the management of Fund Management Department funds and miscellaneous income, while expenditures include interest on deposits with the Fund Management Department, losses from the management of Fund Management Department funds, management fees, administrative expenses, etc.

The Fiscal Investment and Loan Program was a system in which the Ministry of Finance's Fund Management Department received all funds from postal savings and other sources, which were then lent to public corporations (such as public financial institutions and public corporations). The public corporations used these funds for large-scale projects such as building expressways and airports. Until now, public corporations automatically received inflows of funds from the Fund Management Department and did not need to raise funds independently, so they were not subject to market checks and their management was said to be opaque. For this reason, a fundamental review of the Fiscal Investment and Loan Program was conducted in fiscal 2001, the Fund Management Department was abolished, and the Fiscal Loan Fund was established as its successor organization.

[Masatoshi Hayashi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

2001年（平成13）まで置かれていた大蔵省（現財務省）の組織。郵便貯金や各種特別会計の準備金および余裕金を資金運用部資金として統合管理し、その運用を図る政府組織であったが、2001年4月廃止となり、その事業は財政融資資金に引き継がれた。

　旧資金運用部は、1885年（明治18）に設置された大蔵省預金部が前身で、1951年（昭和26）に資金運用部資金法が制定され、それに基づいて大蔵省の資金運用部が創設された。資金運用部資金は、国の制度によって、国の信用に基づいて集められた資金であり、2000年（平成12）12月末の時点で、資産総額は439兆6626億円にのぼり、うち保有有価証券期末残高は85兆9558億円、長期国債72兆6823億円（16.5％）、一般会計および特別会計貸付99兆2414億円（22.5％）、政府関係機関貸付116兆0518億円（26.4％）、公団・事業団（特殊法人）等貸付71兆0344億円（16.1％）、地方公共団体貸付69兆5318億円（15.8％）であった。

　2000年度末における資金運用部預託金残高は、427兆8506億円。このうち郵便貯金および郵便振替は247兆0079億円で57.7％を、厚生保険特別会計は131兆5206億円で30.7％を占めた。債券および貸付金の残高は、431兆9407億円であり、このうち債券は85兆9558億円、貸付金は345兆9849億円であった。

　資金運用部特別会計は、資金運用部資金の運用に伴う歳入歳出を一般会計と区分して経理するために設けられていたものであり、歳入とは資金運用部資金の運用利殖金および付属雑収入であり、歳出とは資金運用部預託金の利子、資金運用部資金の運用損失金、運用手数料、事務取扱費等である。

　財政投融資制度は、大蔵省資金運用部が郵便貯金などの資金を全額預かり、資金運用部から特殊法人（公庫や公団など）に融資する制度であった。特殊法人は、この資金を使って高速道路や空港などを建設する大型事業に活用した。これまで特殊法人は、資金運用部から自動的に資金の流入を受けており自主的な資金調達を行う必要がなかったため、市場のチェックを受けることがなく経営が不透明であるといわれてきた。そのため、2001年度に財政投融資の抜本的見直しが行われ、資金運用部は廃止され、その継承組織として財政融資資金が新設された。

［林　正寿］

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