Gong (English)

Japanese: ゴング（英語表記）gong

A type of idiophone. A disk with a bent edge. In principle, the center is struck. It is mainly made of metal. It is popular in Southeast Asia and East Asia, and is called "tamtam" in Europe. Its origin is unknown, but Chinese literature states that it originated in the Western Regions, and the first article on "tashal" appeared in the 6th century. There are various shapes, such as flat disks, bulging disks, disks with a protrusion in the center, disks with deep or shallow bends on the edge, and disks made of thick or thin material. There are also disks that are hung by strings and disks with feet that are placed on a flat surface. There are also group gongs that combine several gongs, which are called gong chimes. In China, the thin, flat "ra" and group gong "yunluo" are representative. The Japanese "dora" has a protrusion in the center. A typical example of a thick gong with a protrusion in the center is the "kane," which in Japan is collectively called "kane" along with the "kane" type of bell. Gongs were most developed in Southeast Asia, where there are several different sizes of gongs, as well as various pairs of gongs, such as the "bonang" used in Indonesian gamelan and the Thai "khon wong." The word "gong" itself originally comes from the Indonesian word "gon" and the Thai word "khon." There are also gongs made of wood and stone.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

体鳴楽器の一種。円盤の縁の折れ曲ったもの。原則としてその中央部を打鳴らすもの。おもに金属製。東南アジア，東アジアに普及し，ヨーロッパにおいては「タムタム」と呼ばれる。起源は未詳であるが，中国の文献では西域起源とし，6世紀には「打沙羅」の記事が初見される。形状はさまざまで，円盤が平らなもの，ふくらんだもの，中央に突起のあるもの，さらに縁の折れ曲りの深いものと浅いもの，材質の厚いものと薄いものがある。また，紐でつるすものと，足があって平面上に置かれるものとがある。いくつかのゴングを組合せた組ゴングもあり，これをゴング・チャイムと呼ぶ。中国では，材質の薄い平らな「鑼 (ら) 」，組ゴングの「雲鑼」が代表的。日本の「銅鑼 (どら) 」は中央部に盛上りがある。中央に突起があって材質の厚いものでは「鉦」の類が代表的なもので，日本ではベルに属する「鐘」の類とともに「かね」と総称される。ゴングの最も発達したのは東南アジアで，大小数種のゴングがあるほか，各種の組ゴングもあり，インドネシアのガムランに用いられる「ボナン」や，タイの「コーン・ウォン」などが有名。本来，ゴングという言葉も，インドネシア語のゴン，およびタイ語のコーンなどに由来する。そのほか木製，石製のゴングもある。

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