Phenotype

…However, after the Qing Dynasty's floral calendar was introduced in the Edo period, it was used in decorative arts and moribana as a familiar indicator of the seasons, and was widely adopted in toys such as Hanafuda cards, and in the seasonal words and seasonal themes (seasonal words) of haiku poems based on the Japanese Saijiki compiled by Kaibara Koko and supplemented by Do Ekiken, becoming a material for fostering a sense of the seasons among the common people. In the West, agricultural calendars and prayer books were used before the modern era, and some of them were similar to floral calendars, but after the 19th century, phenology (also called floral calendar science) was established as a field of botany, the relationship between plant germination, flowering, and fruiting and the climate and seasons was scientifically explored, and was introduced to Japan in the Meiji period. The annual announcement of the flowering forecast for Somei-Yoshino cherry trees is one of the results and can be said to be a new floral calendar. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "phenology" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…しかし清の花暦が伝来した江戸期以降は，これが身近な季節の指標として装飾美術や盛花に利用され，花札のような遊び道具，貝原好古編，同益軒補になる《日本歳時記》などに典拠した俳諧の季語，季題(歳時記)にも広く取り入れられ，庶民の季節感を醸成する素材となった。西洋でも近代以前は農事暦や時禱（じとう）書が使用され，その一部に花暦に近いものも活用されていたが，19世紀以後植物学の一分野として季節学phenology(花暦学ともいう)が成立してからは，植物の発芽･開花･結実と気候･季節の関連が科学的に探究され，明治期に日本へも紹介されている。毎年発表されるソメイヨシノの開花予想は，その成果の一端で，新しい花暦といえよう。…

※「phenology」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報