A body color that is prominent in animals, mainly during the breeding season. It is usually used to refer to body color changes caused by chromatophores in fish, amphibians, reptiles, etc. It usually appears in mature males of certain species, and even when it appears in females, it is often not very noticeable. For example, the abdomen of male sweetfish (fish) and male and female dace (fish) turns bright red, the sides of the tail of male Japanese newts (amphibians) turn purple, and male Japanese grass lizards (reptiles) turn red from their cheeks and throat to their abdomen. Many colors can appear at once, and in the breeding season, male Japanese bitterlings (fish) have a green-blue back, a pink abdomen except for the bottom part, red from the cheeks to the back of the pectoral fins, and red tips of the dorsal fin and anal fin. Nuptial colors are often used as a criterion for determining the sex of an individual, in which case they are treated as sexual characteristics. Examples of sexual characteristics similar to nuptial coloration include the small particles (chasing stars) that appear on the gill covers of goldfish (fish) during spawning season, and the prominently raised backs of male banded newts (amphibians). These sexual characteristics are thought to be expressed under the influence of male hormones, which are secreted from the testes in response to gonadotropic hormones secreted from the pituitary gland during the breeding season. There are also many examples where nuptial coloration has been found to play a role in scaring off or threatening other males, and in stimulating submissive and sexual behavior in females. [Osamu Katano] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
動物において主として繁殖期に際だって現れる体色のこと。魚類、両生類、爬虫(はちゅう)類などの色素胞によっておこる体色変化の場合に普通用いられる。特定の種の成熟した雄に現れることが普通で、雌に現れる場合でも顕著でないことが多い。たとえば、アユ(魚類)の雄やウグイ(魚類)の雌雄では腹部が鮮赤色になり、アカハライモリ(両生類)の雄は尾の側面が紫色になり、ニホントカゲ(爬虫類)の雄は頬(ほお)・のどから腹部にかけてが赤くなる。一度に多くの色彩が現れることもあり、繁殖期のヤリタナゴ(魚類)の雄は、背面が緑青色、腹部は最下部が黒色のほかは桃色、頬から胸びれ後方は紅色で、背びれと臀(しり)びれの先端部は赤色である。婚姻色が個体の性を判別する規準となることも多く、その場合とくに性徴として取り扱われる。産卵期にキンギョ(魚類)のえらぶたなどに出る粒々(追い星)や、オビイモリ(両生類)の雄にみられる際だって隆起した背部などは、婚姻色と類似した性徴の例である。これらの性徴は、繁殖期に脳下垂体から分泌される生殖腺(せん)刺激ホルモンによって精巣から分泌される、雄性ホルモンの影響で発現すると考えられている。婚姻色が他の雄を追い払ったり、脅したりする役目や、また雌の服従行動や性行動を促す役割を果たすことが明らかになった例も多い。 [片野 修] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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