steward

Japanese: steward
steward

…He served the Scottish royal family as mayor and supported King Robert Bruce in his war against England. In 1371, Robert II of the family ascended to the throne, starting the Stuart dynasty. The name Stuart comes from the word steward. In Scotland, the power of the monarchy was weak due to the fierce conflict between the nobles who had allied with foreign powers such as England and France. Many of the Stuart kings were murdered or killed in battle, and many ascended to the throne as minors. …

From 【Manners】

…Powerful lords owned several manors. Each manor was managed and administered by a bailiff (freeman) appointed by the lord and a reeve (serf manager) selected by the peasants. In addition, the lord's representative, a seneschal (or steward), visited the manors two or three times a year to supervise their management. Often, the lord designated superior land as direct land, and in some areas, he built fences to fertilize the direct land and forced the peasants' livestock to graze there. …

*Some terms that mention "steward" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…スコットランド王家に宮宰として仕え,国王ロバート・ブルースのイングランドに対する抗戦を支持し,1371年には一門のロバート2世が王位について,スチュアート朝を始めた。スチュアートの名称は宮宰stewardに由来する。スコットランドでは,イングランド,フランスなどの外国勢力と結んだ貴族間の抗争が激烈を極めたため,王権の基盤は弱く,スチュアート朝の諸王には殺害されたり戦場で倒れたものが続出し,多くは未成年で即位した。…

【マナー】より

…有力な領主はいくつかのマナーを所有した。それぞれのマナーは領主の指名するベーリフbailiff(自由人差配)と農民選出のリーブreeve(農奴管理人)によって管理・運営され,さらにこれらのマナー全体を領主の代理であるセニシャルseneschal(またはスチュワードsteward)が年に2,3回巡回して経営の監督にあたった。しばしば領主は優等地を直営地に指定し,また地域によっては直営地の施肥のために囲いを設けて農民の家畜を強制的に放牧させた。…

※「steward」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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