Corona discharge - Corona discharge

Japanese: コロナ放電 - ころなほうでん
Corona discharge - Corona discharge

A type of gas discharge. It is a partial discharge that generally occurs when a high electric field is concentrated near one electrode in a high-pressure gas, and is named after its appearance, which resembles a crown (corona). It is particularly likely to occur near needle-shaped electrodes. It can also be considered a type of glow discharge in high pressure because it is a cold cathode discharge with a low electrode temperature. If a cylinder is used as the cathode and a thin wire stretched in the center of the cylinder is used as the anode, a corona discharge occurs when the current per meter of wire is less than 1 milliampere, and the voltage between the electrodes is constant at about 1000 volts, so it can be used as a constant-voltage discharge tube for high voltage. However, if the current increases beyond the limit, it will switch to a glow discharge and the voltage will drop. Corona discharge can also occur in high-voltage power lines, causing noise and power loss.

When a ship sails under thunderclouds at night, something called St. Elmo's Fire may appear at the tip of the mast. This is also a phenomenon caused by corona discharge.

[Tadatoshi Azuma]

[Reference] | Gas discharge

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

気体中の放電の一形式。一般に高圧力の気体中で一方の電極の近辺だけに高電界が集中するときにおこる部分放電で、その外観が王冠(コロナ)に似ていることからこの名がつけられている。針状の電極の近辺でとくにおきやすい。電極の温度が低い冷陰極の放電であるため、高気圧中のグロー放電の一種とみなすこともできる。円筒を陰極とし、円筒の中心に張った細い針金を陽極とする場合、針金1メートル当り電流が1ミリアンペア以下ではコロナ放電となり、電極間の電圧が1000ボルトくらいで一定となるので、高電圧用の定電圧放電管として使える。しかし電流が限界値以上に増大すると、グロー放電に移って電圧は低下してしまう。高電圧の送電線でもコロナ放電を生ずることがあり、雑音や電力損失の原因となる。

 夜中、船が雷雲下を航海すると帆柱の先端にセントエルモの火といわれるものが現れることがある。これもコロナ放電による現象である。

[東 忠利]

[参照項目] | 気体放電

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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