Kolbe

German chemist. Studied under F. Wöhler at the University of Göttingen. While there, he met J. J. Berzelius and was greatly influenced by his theories. In 1842, he became assistant to R. W. Bunsen at the University of Marburg, where he obtained his doctorate. He became assistant to L. Playfair at the School of Mines in London (1845-1847), where he became friends with S. E. Frankland. After returning to Germany, he was professor at the University of Marburg (1851-1865) and the University of Leipzig (1865-1884). At the latter university, he built the largest and best-equipped chemical laboratory of its time (1868). From 1870, he was editor of the Journal für praktische Chemie , where he often harshly criticized the research and theories of his contemporary chemists. He was an excellent experimentalist and discovered many important compounds and reactions, including the synthesis of trichloroacetic acid, nitriles, and fatty acids, the electrolysis of fatty acid salts (Kolbe electrolysis), and the synthesis of salicylic acid from phenol and carbon dioxide. He also devised a unique method of notating the structure of organic compounds, which brought him closer to a structural formula.

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

ドイツの化学者．ゲッチンゲン大学でF. Wöhler(ウェーラー)に学ぶ．在学中，J.J. Berzelius(ベルセリウス)に会い，その理論から大きな影響を受けた．1842年マールブルク大学でR.W.E. Bunsen(ブンゼン)の助手となり，学位を取得．ロンドンの鉱山学校でL. Playfairの助手となり(1845～1847年)，そこでS.E. Frankland(フランクランド)と親交を結んだ．帰国後，マールブルク大学(1851～1865年)，ライプチヒ大学(1865～1884年)の教授を歴任．後者では当時としてもっとも大きく設備の整った化学実験室をつくった(1868年)．1870年からJournal für praktische Chemieの編集者となり，同時代の化学者の研究や学説をしばしば厳しく批判した．すぐれた実験家で，トリクロロ酢酸・ニトリル・脂肪酸などの合成，脂肪酸塩の電気分解(コルベ電解)，フェノールと二酸化炭素からサリチル酸の合成など，多くの重要な化合物や反応を発見した．有機化合物の構造の独特の記法を考案して構造式に近づいた．

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