A Russian infantry general and a leader of the counter-revolutionary movement during the civil war. Son of a retired Cossack officer. Graduated from the Army War College in 1898. Served in the Russo-Japanese War and served in China as a military attaché at the legation from 1907 to 1911. Participated in World War I as an infantry division commander, but was captured by the Austrian army when the Russian army was defeated in Galicia in 1915 and escaped in July 1916. After the February Revolution, he served as commander-in-chief of the Petrograd Military District and the Southwestern Front, and after the failure of the Russian army's summer offensive in July, he was appointed Supreme Commander by the Provisional Government. He tried to restore the authority of commanders by extending the death penalty, which had been abolished in the February Revolution but was later reinstated on the front lines, to the rear, which led to conflict with the Soviets and also with Prime Minister Kerensky. On September 7 (August 25, Russian calendar), he launched a rebellion (Kornilov Rebellion) aiming at a military dictatorship, and led his troops to the capital, but was stopped by the Soviets and arrested. After the October Revolution, he fled to southern Russia and organized the White Volunteer Army with General Alexeyev, but was killed in battle at Ekaterinodar in April 1918. [Kazuo Fujimoto] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ロシアの陸軍歩兵大将、内戦期の反革命運動の指導者。退役コサック将校の子。1898年陸軍大学校卒業。日露戦争に従軍し、1907~11年には公使館付武官として中国に勤務。第一次世界大戦には歩兵師団長として参加したが、15年ロシア軍のガリツィア敗退時にオーストリア軍の捕虜となり、16年7月脱走。二月革命後は、ペトログラード軍管区総司令官、西南方面軍総司令官などを務め、ロシア軍の7月夏期攻勢失敗後は、臨時政府によって最高総司令官に任命された。彼は、二月革命で廃止されたがその後前線では復活されていた死刑をさらに後方にも拡大し、指揮官の権威を復活させようとして、ソビエトと対立、また首相ケレンスキーとも対立するに至った。9月7日(露暦8月25日)彼は軍事独裁を目ざす反乱(コルニーロフの反乱)を起こし、部隊を首都に向けたが、ソビエトによって阻止され、逮捕された。十月革命後は南部ロシアに逃れ、アレクセーエフ将軍とともに白色義勇軍を組織したが、18年4月エカチェリノダールで戦死した。 [藤本和貴夫] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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