French physicist. Born in Orléans, he graduated from the École Polytechnique (science and technology school). He started out as a mining engineer, but became a professor at his alma mater in 1867, and a member of the Academie des Sciences in 1878. He made many contributions to the field of optics, including measuring the speed of light, researching ultraviolet light, determining the principal planes and focal points of lenses, measuring the deformation of elastic bodies using interference fringes, researching the Zeeman effect, and compiling a solar spectrum table. He is particularly famous for his "Cornu's spiral" (also known as "Euler's spiral"; a plane curve whose curvature is proportional to the length of its arc) used in diffraction calculations. He also made contributions in the fields of acoustics, astronomy, and geophysics. [Junpei Tsujiuchi] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランスの物理学者。オルレアンに生まれ、エコール・ポリテクニク(理工科大学校)を卒業。初め鉱山技師であったが、1867年母校の教授、1878年科学アカデミー会員となった。光速度の測定、紫外線の研究、レンズの主面と焦点の決定法、干渉縞(じま)による弾性体の変形測定、ゼーマン効果の研究、太陽スペクトル表の作製など光学領域の業績が多く、回折計算に用いる「コルニュの螺旋(らせん)」(「オイラーの螺旋」ともいう。一つの平面曲線で、その曲率が弧の長さに比例するもの。)はとくに著名である。ほかに音響学、天文学、地球物理学の分野にも業績がある。 [辻内順平] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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