Abbreviation for read-only memory, which is a read-only memory for computers. The contents of ROM are saved even after the power is turned off, so it is called a non-volatile storage device. Since ROM is read-only, it can be accessed faster than RAM. Currently, most ROMs are made of semiconductor elements. Character pattern generators and code converters, which perform constant processing and are used in large quantities, are called mask ROMs because the information to be stored can be set at the same time as the element is manufactured. This type of ROM stores information as the structure of the element, so it cannot be rewritten. A mass-produced element that stores information by passing a large current through it just once is called a PROM (Programmable ROM). PROMs are not as fixed as mask ROMs, but they are used to store information that cannot be changed once set, such as control programs for peripheral devices, and are sometimes called PLAs (Programmable Logic Arrays). There is little need to rewrite ROMs like interpreters, but some ROMs can be rewritten to fix bugs. There are EPROMs (electrically rewritable ROMs) that require a large current to be passed for a long time when writing, and ROMs that are written electrically but erased using ultraviolet light. [Yamamoto Kiichi] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
コンピュータの読み出し専用記憶であるリードオンリーメモリーread-only memoryの略。ROMの内容は電源を切った後でも保存されていることから、不揮発性記憶装置とよぶ。ROMは読み出し専用なのでRAM(ラム)よりもアクセスを高速にすることができる。現在ではほとんど半導体素子が使われている。 文字パターン発生器やコード変換器のように行う処理が一定でしかも多量に使われるものは、記憶すべき情報を素子の製造と同時に設定することができるので、マスクROMとよばれる。このROMは、情報を素子の構造として記憶しているので書き換えはできない。 大量生産した素子に一度だけ大きな電流を流して情報を記憶させるものをPROM(ピーロム)(プログラマブルROM)とよぶ。PROMはマスクROMほどは固定的ではないが、周辺装置の制御プログラムのように一度設定すれば変更しないような情報を記憶するために使われ、PLA(プログラマブル論理アレイ)とよぶこともある。 インタープリターのようにほとんど書き換える必要はないが、バグの修正のために書き換えができるようにしたROMもある。書き込むときには大きな電流を長い時間流す必要のあるEPROM(イーピーロム)(電気書き換え式)と、書き込みは電気的に行うが消去には紫外線を使うものがある。 [山本喜一] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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