Gorchakov, Nikolai Mikhailovich

Japanese: ゴルチャコフ（英語表記）Gorchakov， Nikolai Mikhailovich

Born: August 19, 1898, Petersburg
[Died] August 28, 1958.
Soviet director. A member of the Moscow Art Theatre, he was taught by K. Stanislavsky and directed many plays, including Sorrow for Wisdom (1925), The School of Slander (40), and The Forest is Alive (48). His book Theatrical Training at the Moscow Art Theatre (Rezhissërskie uroki KS Stanislavskogo) (50) is a detailed record of his directing of more than ten plays, including The Marriage of Figaro and The Armored Train 14-69, during his time as an assistant to Stanislavsky. His other works include Dialogues on Directing (Besedy o rezhissëre) (41) and Vakhtangova's Course in Directing (Rezhissërskie uroki Vakhtangova) (57).

Gorchakov
Gorchakov, Aleksandr Mikhailovich

Born: July 15, 1798, St. Petersburg
Died March 11, 1883. A politician and diplomat in Baden-Baden Russia. After assisting KV Nesselrode at the Holy League conferences from 1820 to 1822, he served as a diplomat in London, Rome, Berlin, Vienna, and other places. In Vienna, he demonstrated his skillful diplomatic skills in ending the Crimean War. From 1856 to 1882, he served as foreign minister and led the Tsarist government's active diplomacy. He initially pursued a policy of alliance with France, but after the Polish crisis in 1863, he changed his policy to rapprochement with Prussia. After the Prussian victory over France in 1870-71, he abrogated the Treaty of Paris (56), established a fleet in the Black Sea, and in 1873 formed the League of the Three Emperors with Prussia and Austria. He was unable to adequately protect Russia's interests at the Berlin Congress in 1878, and lost his influence.

Gorchakov
Gorchakov, Mikhail Dmitrievich

[Born] 1793
Died May 30, 1861. A Russian nobleman and soldier from Warsaw. Older brother of AM Gorchakov. Joined the army in 1807 and fought in the Fatherland (Napoleonic) War (1812-15), the Russo-Turkish War (1828-29), and the suppression of the Polish Revolution (1830-31), where he distinguished himself as a soldier. In 1846 he became the Military Governor of Warsaw, and in 1849 he led an intervention army in the Hungarian independence movement. In the Crimean War (1853-1856), when the Russian army led by AS Menshikov was facing defeat, he took over as commander-in-chief in 1855 and supported the all-out attack on the Sevastopol fortress. After the war, he became the Governor-General of Poland in 1856.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1898.8.19. ペテルブルグ
[没]1958.8.28.
ソ連の演出家。モスクワ芸術座に所属し，K.スタニスラフスキーの指導を受け，『知恵ゆえの悲しみ』 (1925) ，『悪口学校』 (40) ，『森は生きている』 (48) など多くの作品を演出した。その著書『モスクワ芸術座の演劇修業』 Rezhissërskie uroki K. S. Stanislavskogo (50) は，助手としてスタニスラフスキーの演出に関係した際の，『フィガロの結婚』『装甲列車 14-69』など 10あまりの作品についての詳細な演出記録である。その他『演出についての対話』 Besedy o rezhissëre (41) ，『ワフタンゴフの演出課程』 Rezhissërskie uroki Vakhtangova (57) などの著述がある。

ゴルチャコフ
Gorchakov， Aleksandr Mikhailovich

[生]1798.7.15. ペテルブルグ
[没]1883.3.11. バーデンバーデン
ロシアの政治家，外交官。 1820～22年神聖同盟の諸会議で K.V.ネッセルローデを補佐したあと，外交官としてロンドン，ローマ，ベルリン，ウィーンなどに勤務。特にウィーンでは，クリミア戦争終結に向けて巧みな外交手腕を発揮した。 56～82年外相に就任し，ツァーリズムの積極外交を指導。当初フランスとの連合政策をとったが，63年のポーランド問題を契機にプロシアとの接近策に転換。 70～71年フランスに対するプロシアの勝利後，パリ条約 (56) を破棄して黒海に艦隊を設け，73年にはプロシア，オーストリアとの間に「三帝同盟」を結んだ。 78年ベルリン会議において，ロシアの利益を十分に守ることができず，影響力を失った。

ゴルチャコフ
Gorchakov， Mikhail Dmitrievich

[生]1793
[没]1861.5.30. ワルシャワ
ロシアの貴族，軍人。 A.M.ゴルチャコフの兄。 1807年軍隊に入り，祖国 (ナポレオン) 戦争 (1812～15) ，露土戦争 (28～29) ，ポーランド独立革命の鎮圧 (30～31) に従軍，武勲をあげる。 46年ワルシャワ軍務総督に就任，49年ハンガリー独立運動に干渉軍を率いて介入。クリミア戦争 (53～56) では，A.S.メンシコフの率いるロシア軍の敗北が濃厚になった 55年，代って総司令官となり，セバストーポリ要塞の総攻撃を支える。戦後 56年ポーランド総督。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

<<: Korčula Island (English spelling)

>>: Aleksandr Vasil'evich Kolchak