Type genus of the extinct group of gymnosperms, Cordaites, which flourished from the Carboniferous to the Permian (Permian) periods of the Paleozoic Era. A woody plant distributed in both the northern and southern hemispheres, it is abundant in Japan in the Permian Maiyama Group (Maiya Flora) in Tome City, Miyagi Prefecture. Its life forms range from tall trees to marsh shrubs. The leaves are 3-7 cm wide and strip-shaped, 10-20 cm long, sometimes reaching 1 meter, and the veins are characterized by parallel veins without a midrib. Those from Gondwana in the southern hemisphere are called Noeggerathiopsis , and are generally smaller and spatula-shaped than those from the northern hemisphere. The trunk fossils are called Cordaixylon or Mesoxylon , and are distinguished by their wood structure. The fossil reproductive organs are called Cordaitanthus , and are male and female, both of which form long, slender spikes. The female reproductive organs are units of leaves (bracts) on the main axis and reproductive branches arising from the upper base of the leaves, which are repeated on the main axis. The same basic structure is also found in modern conifers (conifers) and gnematodes, although in a very simplified form. This suggests an affinity with the two. However, due to the diversity of characteristics, such as the fact that both pollen tube fertilization and sperm fertilization have been confirmed, it has been pointed out that this group may include multiple lineages. [Harufumi Nishida] "Evolutionary Biology Research Institute Library 4: The History of Gymnosperms - Unraveling the Memories of Gondwana," edited by Makoto Nishida and jointly planned by the Institute of Evolutionary Biology and the Agricultural Resource Center of Tokyo University of Agriculture (1999, Shinzansha) [References] | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
古生代の石炭紀からペルム紀(二畳紀)にかけて繁栄した裸子植物の絶滅群コルダイテス類の基準属。南北両半球に分布した木本で、日本では宮城県登米(とめ)市のペルム紀米谷(まいや)層群(米谷植物群)から多産する。高木から湿地性の灌木(かんぼく)まで生活型は多様である。葉は幅3~7センチメートルの帯状で長さ10~20センチメートル、ときに1メートルに達し、葉脈は中肋(ちゅうろく)のない平行脈を特徴とする。南半球ゴンドワナ大陸のものはネゲラチオプシスNoeggerathiopsisとよばれ、北半球のものより一般に小形でへら型である。樹幹化石はコルダイキシロンCordaixylonあるいはメソキシロンMesoxylonとよばれているもので、材構造で区別される。 生殖器官の化石はコルダイタントゥスCordaitanthusとよばれ、これは雌雄別で、いずれも細長く伸びた穂を形成する。雌性生殖器官は主軸上の葉(包葉)とその上側つけねに生じた生殖枝が単位となって、主軸上に繰り返されたもので、同じ基本構造は非常に単純化されてはいるが現在の球果植物(針葉樹類)とグネツム類にもみられる。このため、両者との類縁が示唆されている。しかし、受精方法に花粉管受精と精子受精の両方が確認されているなど、形質に多様性がみられることから、複数の系統を含む群である可能性も指摘されている。 [西田治文] 『西田誠編、進化生物学研究所・東京農業大学農業資料室共同企画『進化生研ライブラリー4 裸子植物のあゆみ――ゴンドワナの記憶をひもとく』(1999・信山社)』 [参照項目] | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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