…Traditionally, motivation was thought to be caused by external goals based on an imbalance in the organism, but in recent years, it has been pointed out that motivation can also be caused by the driving force inherent in the behavior itself. The former is called extrinsic motivation, and the latter intrinsic motivation. Taking the manipulation of motivation in teaching as an example, typical methods of extrinsic motivation include rewards and punishments (carrots and sticks), competition, and cooperation. … *Some of the terminology that refers to "extrinsic motivation" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…従来動機づけは,生物の不均衡状態にもとづき,外にある目標によってひき起こされると考えられてきたが,近年,行動自体に内在する推進力によるものもあることが指摘されるようになった。前者を外発的動機づけ,後者を内発的動機づけという。学習指導にかかわる動機づけの操作を例にとると,外発的動機づけの代表的な方法は賞罰(飴とむち),競争,協同などである。… ※「外発的動機づけ」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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