Golgi, Camillo

Japanese: ゴルジ（英語表記）Golgi， Camillo

Born: 1843/1844.7.9 Cortena
[Died] January 21, 1926. Pavia, Italy. Physician and neurologist. Professor at the University of Pavia. In 1873, he invented a method to stain nerve cells and nerve fibers using silver nitrate. This became the key to exploring the finer structure of the nervous system, and in 1883, he discovered cells in the central nervous system (Golgi cells) that connect to other nerve cells through axons and short branching dendrites. This discovery later led to the neuron theory and became the foundation of modern neurology. In addition to his achievements in histology, he was also famous for his research on malaria, proving that quartan and tertian fevers are caused by different protozoa, that attacks of malaria occur at the same time as the division of protozoa spores, and that the severity of the disease is proportional to the number of protozoa in the blood. He also conducted important research on pellagra and mental illness. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1906 together with S. Cajal of Spain for his work in clarifying the structure of the nervous system.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1843/1844.7.9. コルテナ
[没]1926.1.21. パビア
イタリアの医師で神経学者。パビア大学教授。 1873年硝酸銀を使って神経細胞と神経線維を染める方法を案出した。これは神経系のより微細な構造探究の鍵となり，83年，軸索と枝分れした短い樹状突起で他の神経細胞と連絡している細胞 (ゴルジ細胞) を中枢神経系に発見した。この発見はのちにニューロン説を導き，近代神経学の基礎となった。組織学の業績のほかに，マラリアの研究でも有名で，四日熱と三日熱は病原の原虫が違うこと，マラリアの発作は，原虫の胞子分裂と時を同じくすること，病気の重さは血液中の原虫数に比例することなどを証明した。ペラグラと精神病についても重要な研究がある。神経系の構造を明らかにした業績で，スペインの S.カハルとともに 1906年のノーベル生理学・医学賞を受賞。

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