Refers to a type of organism that is found only in a specific region or island, and has the same meaning as a specialty species in general. However, it is not used when the range of occurrence is too wide. Endemic species are thought to have arisen mainly due to geographic isolation, and the proportion of endemic species among organisms in an area can be used to determine whether an island was separated from adjacent landmasses long ago or recently, especially in the case of islands. In other words, the more endemic species there are, the earlier the island or other area was separated from the continent or adjacent landmasses. In general, organisms with low mobility (such as land snails) and organisms that are not propagated by ocean or air currents (such as freshwater fish) are more likely to develop endemic species or endemic types locally. [Takehiko Nakane] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ある特定の地域あるいは島にだけ局限して産する生物の種類をさし、一般にいう特産種と同じ意味である。ただし、産する範囲があまり広い場合には用いない。固有種は主として地理的な隔離が原因となって生じたものと考えられ、一地域の生物中で固有種が占める割合は、とくに島の場合など、隣接の陸地から島が分離した時期が古いか新しいかを判断する資料となりうる。つまり、固有種が多いほどその島などが、大陸あるいは隣接の陸地から古い時代に離れたことを意味する。一般に、移動能力の小さい生物(陸産貝など)や、海流や気流によって伝播(でんぱ)されないような生物(淡水魚類など)ほど、局地的に固有種や固有型を生じやすいといえる。 [中根猛彦] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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