Special affairs - Koyuujimu

Japanese: 固有事務 - こゆうじむ
Special affairs - Koyuujimu

A type of classification of affairs for local governments such as prefectures and cities, towns, and villages that was implemented before the decentralization reforms of 2000. Historically, it was seen as a concept opposed to delegated affairs, which are affairs that originally belong to the national government or other public organizations, and refers to affairs such as actively promoting the welfare of residents of local governments, enacting necessary legislation to that end, and handling finances, which form the core of autonomous activities, but currently there is no practical benefit to making the distinction.

Specifically, the prevailing view is that this corresponds to the public affairs stipulated in Article 2, Paragraph 2 of the Local Autonomy Act before it was revised in 2000, and it was said to include public affairs such as the management of various projects aimed at promoting the welfare of residents, the establishment and management of facilities, as well as affairs related to the organization of organizations necessary for the achievement of those objectives, and affairs related to finances. With the revision of the Local Autonomy Act in 2000, affairs handled by local governments came to be classified into autonomous affairs and statutory entrusted affairs.

[Yasuhisa Abe]

"How to Read the Revision of the Local Autonomy Law" edited by the Institute for Local Government Studies (1999, Local Government Research Institute)

[Reference items] | Public affairs | Government affairs | Legal entrusted affairs

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

2000年(平成12)地方分権改革以前に行われた、都道府県、市町村等の地方公共団体の事務分類の一種。沿革的に、本来国または他の公共団体に属する事務である委任事務に対立する観念としてとらえられたもので、地方公共団体の住民の福祉を積極的に増進し、そのために必要な立法を行い、財務を処理するなどの事務をいい、自治活動の本体をなすものであるが、現在では区別する実益はない。

 具体的内容としては、2000年に改正施行される前の地方自治法第2条2項に規定される公共事務がこれに相当するものとするのが通説で、住民の福祉を増進するために行う各種の事業の経営、施設の設置・管理など本来の公共事務と、その目的達成に必要な団体の組織に関する事務および財務に関する事務が含まれるとされた。2000年の改正地方自治法施行により、地方公共団体の処理する事務は自治事務と法定受託事務に分類されることとなった。

[阿部泰隆]

『自治体問題研究所編『地方自治法改正の読みかた』(1999・自治体研究社)』

[参照項目] | 公共事務 | 自治事務 | 法定受託事務

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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