Arab League - Arab States

Japanese: アラブ連盟 - あらぶれんめい(英語表記)League of Arab States
Arab League - Arab States

A regional cooperation organization for Arab countries. It was established on March 22, 1945 with the aim of Arab unification, a long-cherished wish of Arab nationalism since the end of the 19th century, with seven original member countries: Egypt, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Lebanon, Yemen, and Jordan. Under the ministerial-level Council that meets twice a year, it has 11 standing committees on politics, economy, military affairs, human rights, etc., and various other institutions such as the Israel Boycott Secretariat, which is overseen by the Central Secretariat. Initially, the emphasis was on the economy, but following the influence of events such as the founding of Israel in 1948 and the Egyptian Revolution in 1952, it came to strengthen its political and military activities based on "pan-Arabism."

In contrast to the relatively smooth economic cooperation within the League, even after the first summit was held in 1964 at the invitation of Egyptian President Nasser, the League often experienced political paralysis due to conflicts between conservative monarchies such as Saudi Arabia and radical republics such as Egypt. The fourth summit, held following the defeat in the Third Arab-Israeli War in 1967, adopted three principles toward Israel: no peace, no recognition, and no negotiation. In 1977, Egyptian President Sadat took the initiative for peace with Israel, and in 1979 the Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty was signed, but this drew opposition from hard-line countries, and a resolution was passed suspending Egypt's membership in the League. Egypt was not able to return to the League until 1989. However, the League was unable to move in unison during the Iran-Iraq War in 1980 and the Gulf War from 1990 to 1991.

The establishment of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), consisting of six countries bordering the Persian Gulf, including Saudi Arabia, in 1981, and the Arab Maghreb Union (AMU), consisting of five North African countries, including Libya and Algeria, in 1989, also indicate the Arab League's decline. As of 2009, the member states are 21 countries and the PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization).

[Yoneji Kuroyanagi]

[References] | Iran-Iraq War | Egyptian Revolution | Pan-Arabism | Gulf Cooperation Council | Gulf War

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アラブ諸国の地域協力機構。1945年3月22日、19世紀末以来アラブ民族主義の宿願であったアラブの統一を目ざし、エジプト、イラク、サウジアラビア、シリア、レバノン、イエメン、ヨルダンの7か国を原加盟国として発足。年2回の閣僚級理事会のもとに、政治、経済、軍事、人権など11の常任委員会をもつほか、中央事務局が統轄するイスラエル・ボイコット事務局など各種の機関を有する。当初は経済面に力点が置かれたが、1948年のイスラエル建国、1952年のエジプト革命などの影響を受け、「汎(はん)アラブ主義」に基づく政治・軍事面での活動が強化されるに至った。

 連盟内の比較的順調な経済協力とは対照的に、1964年エジプトのナセル大統領の呼びかけで第1回首脳会議が開催されたのちも、サウジアラビアなど保守的な王制諸国とエジプトなど急進的な共和制諸国との対立のため、政治面ではしばしば機能麻痺(まひ)を体験してきた。1967年の第三次中東戦争敗北を機に開催された第4回首脳会議は「不講和、不承認、不交渉」の対イスラエル三原則を採択した。1977年エジプトのサダト大統領が対イスラエル和平のイニシアティブをとり、1979年エジプト・イスラエル平和条約に調印したが、強硬派諸国の反発を招き、エジプトの連盟参加資格停止が決議された。エジプトの連盟復帰が実現したのは1989年のことである。しかし、1980年のイラン・イラク戦争、1990~1991年の湾岸戦争に際しても連盟は共同歩調をとることができなかった。

 1981年にはペルシア湾に面するサウジアラビアなど6か国からなる湾岸協力会議(GCC)が、1989年にはリビア、アルジェリアなど北アフリカ5か国によるアラブ・マグレブ連合(AMU)が発足したことも、アラブ連盟の地盤沈下を物語るといえよう。2009年時点で、加盟国は21か国とPLO(パレスチナ解放機構)である。

[黒柳米司]

[参照項目] | イラン・イラク戦争 | エジプト革命 | 汎アラブ主義 | 湾岸協力会議 | 湾岸戦争

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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