Kanden

…There is no longer any trace of the huge lake that was once known as the "800-li Dongting." The lake shore, which had become shallow due to the accumulation of mud and sand, was surrounded by levees called "gamdi," and new rice fields, called "gamden," were widely developed inside the levees. However, this prevented rivers from flowing into the lake, causing flooding, so in recent years the construction of gamdi has been prohibited. After the liberation, large-scale construction work was carried out, spillways were built on the Xiangjiang and Zishui rivers, retarding reservoirs and levees were improved, and areas were opened up to reduce the threat of flooding. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Kanda" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…昔〈八百里の洞庭〉といわれた巨大な湖の面影はもはやない。泥砂の堆積により浅くなった湖岸には垸堤と呼ばれる堤防がめぐらされ，堤防の内側に垸田と呼ばれる新田が広く造成されたが，これが諸河川の湖への流入を妨げ，水害の原因となったので近年は垸堤の築造は禁止された。解放後，大規模な整備工事が行われ，湘江，資水に放水路を設け，遊水池や堤防も改良され，開墾地区をきりひらいて洪水の脅威を小さくした。…

※「垸田」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報