Harumitsu Kada - Harumi Kada

Japanese: 荷田春満 - かだのあずままろ

Year of death: 7/2/1736 (8/8/1736)
Year of birth: 3 January 1669 (3 February 1669)
A scholar of Japanese classics in the early Edo period. His real surname was the Hagura clan. His childhood name was Tsurumaru. His first name was Nobumori, later Azumamaru or Harumitsu. He was commonly known as Saigū. His pen name was Utei. He was the second son of Hagura Shinsen, a priest at Fushimi Inari Shrine in Kyoto. His mother was Kaiko (Fukao clan). His older brother was Nobutomo, his older sister Shigeko, and his younger brother Takatoshi (Taga surname, father of Kada Arimitsu). He studied the Shinto doctrines of his family and the secret doctrines of waka poetry, but he was also influenced by the ancient learning and Anzai school of thought that were popular in Kyoto at the time. In 1697 (Genroku 10), at the age of 20, he became a retainer of Prince Takanobu of Myohoin Palace and lectured on waka poetry. In 1698, he went down to Edo to establish his family name by giving lectures. At first, he lectured on the theories of Shintoism based on the Shrine Shinto tradition, which had strong overtones of secret teachings and esoteric rituals in the Middle Ages, but from around 1707 he began to study and lecture on classics such as the Manyoshu. In the process, he acquired the philological empiricism pioneered by Shimokawabe Choryu and Keichu. In 1713, he returned to Kyoto, but soon left for Edo, where he was invited by Makino Tadatsugu, lord of Echigo Nagaoka Domain (Nagaoka City), with a stipend of five people. In 1713, he returned to Kyoto and took good care of his elderly mother, and after her death, he left Edo for a third time in 1722. He received orders from the shogun, Tokugawa Yoshimune, to transmit Japanese studies to the Shogunate's book magistrate, Shimoda Shiko, and was ordered to appraise the books in the Shogunate's archives, as well as answer questions about historical facts, books, and ancient language. After returning to Kyoto in June 866, he continued to respond to inquiries from the shogunate by letter, but in 870, he sent his adopted son Arimitsu out to Edo to take up the task. It is said that on this occasion, he had Arimitsu bring with him the "Sougakko-kei," a petition to the shogunate for the establishment of a national school. Harumitsu's scholarship expanded the field of ancient studies pioneered by Keichu and others, making his sense of restoration clear, and in his later years was further developed by his disciple Kamo no Mabuchi. His works include "Man'yoshu Hen'ansho," "Man'yoshu Dojimon," "Ise Monogatari Dojimon," and "Shunyoshu," but he fell ill before he could compile them into books, and most of them remain as manuscripts. In Edo, he was friends with Otaka Gengo, one of the Ako Roshi, and since Harumitsu had convenient access to the residence of the high-ranking Kira clan, he is said to have given Otaka a map of the interior of the residence. <References> Onuki Maura, "Kada Higashimaro-o"

(Yoshio Shiraishi)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：元文1.7.2(1736.8.8)
生年：寛文9.1.3(1669.2.3)
江戸前期の国学者。本姓,羽倉氏。幼名,鶴丸。初名は信盛,のち東丸また春満。通称は斎宮。号は雨亭。京都伏見稲荷神社の神官羽倉信詮の次男。母は貝子(深尾氏)。兄に信友,姉に茂子,弟に高惟(多賀姓,荷田在満の父)らがいた。家学の神道説や和歌の秘説を学んだが,当時京都で流行した古義学や闇斎学の影響も受けたらしい。元禄10(1697)年20歳,妙法院宮尭延法親王の家来となって和歌を進講した。13年,教授講義をもって家名を興すために江戸に下った。初め中世風の秘伝,秘儀の色彩の強かった社家神道系の神道説を講義していたが,宝永4(1707)年ごろから『万葉集』をはじめとする古典の研究,講義に入った。その過程で,下河辺長流や契沖によって先鞭をつけられた文献学的実証主義を身につける。正徳3(1713)年いったん帰京,すぐ出府,このとき越後長岡藩(長岡市)藩主牧野忠寿から5人扶持で招聘された。同4年帰京して老母に孝養を尽くし,母の死後,享保7(1722)年みたび出府。将軍徳川吉宗から幕府書物奉行下田師古への和学相伝の命を受け,幕府書庫の蔵書の鑑定などを命じられ,また故実,書籍,古語についての下問に答えた。8年6月帰京後も幕府からの下問に書簡で答えていたが,13年,養子在満を出府させこの仕事に当たらせた。このとき,国学校の設立を幕府に請願した『創学校啓』を在満に持参させたといわれる。春満の学問は,契沖らの開拓した古学の領域を拡大し復古意識を明確にさせ,晩年の門人賀茂真淵によってさらに発展させられた。『万葉集僻案抄』『万葉集童子問』『伊勢物語童子問』『春葉集』などがあるが,著作としてまとめる前に病に倒れ,多く稿本として残る。江戸では赤穂浪士のひとり大高源吾と交遊があり,春満は高家吉良氏邸に出入りする便宜があったため,邸中の図を大高に与えたという。<参考文献>大貫真浦『荷田東麿翁』

(白石良夫)

出典　朝日日本歴史人物事典：（株）朝日新聞出版朝日日本歴史人物事典について　情報

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