Communalism

Japanese: コミュナリズム
Communalism
Originally, it meant a conflict between sects or religious groups, and was also called sectarianism. Furthermore, it refers to a position that seeks to exclude communities with different cultures, including language and ethnicity, by placing oneself in a superior position. In India, it is a political term that refers to the conflict between Hindus and Muslims. Historically, it was caused by the rise of the Indian National Congress in the late 19th century, when Britain fostered political consciousness among Muslims and made them oppose it. Currently, it has developed into a conflict between India and Pakistan, but it is also used to refer to the conflict between Hindus and Muslims within India. With the background of the Islamic revivalism and Hindu supremacy, communalism has been on the rise since the 1980s, leading to the destruction of the Ayodhya mosque in 1992. The opposite is secularism, which is India's national policy.
→ Related Articles Assam Problem | Punjab Problem | South Asia

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:
元来は宗派または宗団間の対立を意味し,〈宗派主義〉ともいわれる。さらには,自らを優位として,言語や民族なども含め,異なる文化をもつコミュニティを排斥しようとする立場をさす。とくにインドにおいては政治用語として,ヒンドゥー教徒とイスラム教徒間の対立関係をさす。歴史的には19世紀後半の国民会議派の台頭に対し,英国がイスラム教徒の政治意識を育成し,これに対抗させたことに原因がある。現在では,インドとパキスタンの対立に発展しているが,インド国内におけるヒンドゥー教徒とイスラム教徒の対立もこの名で呼ばれる。イスラム復興運動およびヒンドゥー至上主義を背景として,1980年代以降コミュナリズムの高まりがみられ,1992年にはアヨーディヤーのモスク破壊事件にいたった。反対語はセキュラリズムsecularismで,インドはこれを国是としている。
→関連項目アッサム問題|パンジャーブ問題|南アジア

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