Gum arabic - Arabia gomu (English spelling) gum arabic

Japanese: アラビアゴム - あらびあごむ(英語表記)gum arabic
Gum arabic - Arabia gomu (English spelling) gum arabic

A natural resin made by drying the sap of the Acacia senegal tree (scientific name: Acacia senegal), a plant of the African legume family (Fabaceae) or of related plants, in the sun after making a wound on the trunk. It is also called gum arabic, and was named after the fact that it was once exported via the Arabian Peninsula. It is a colorless or pale yellow glassy resin. Its main component is a complex polysaccharide called arabic acid, which consists of L-arabinose, D-galactose, L-rhamnose, and D-glucuronic acid. It usually exists as calcium, magnesium, and potassium salts, and contains hydrolases and oxidases. Its uses include a binder for watercolor paints, a medical demulcent, a tablet binder, an emulsifier, glue, adhesive, and gum syrup. Its aqueous solution was once called Arabic paste. The Arabic Yamato paste currently on the market is mainly composed of an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol.

[Kazukichi Fukuda October 18, 2019]

[References] | Acacia gum

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アフリカ産のマメ科(APG分類:マメ科)アカシア属の植物アラビアゴムノキ(学名はAcacia senegal)、またはその同属や近縁の植物の幹に傷をつけて採取した樹液を日照で乾燥した天然樹脂のこと。アラビアガムともいわれ、かつてアラビア半島を経由して輸出されたのでこの名がある。無色ないし淡黄色のガラス状樹脂である。主成分はアラビン酸とよばれる複雑な多糖であり、L-アラビノース、D-ガラクトース、L-ラムノースおよびD-グルクロン酸からなる。通常、カルシウム、マグネシウムおよびカリウム塩として存在し、加水分解酵素および酸化酵素が含まれている。用途は、水彩絵の具の展色剤(バインダー)、医療用の粘滑剤、錠剤の結合剤、乳化剤、糊(のり)および接着剤、ガムシロップなどである。かつてその水溶液はアラビア糊とよばれて用いられた。現在市販されているアラビックヤマト糊は、ポリビニルアルコール水溶液が主成分である。

[福田和吉 2019年10月18日]

[参照項目] | アラビアゴムノキ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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