Kaward [I] - Kaward

Japanese: カワード[１世] - かわーど

…In the middle of the 5th century, the Hephthalites appeared in the East, and Peroz suffered from Hephthalite invasions and subsequent great famines during his reign. Kavādh I used the Mazdakite social movement that was occurring in the country at that time, as well as the power of the Hephthalites, to suppress the power of the nobility and priesthood, and strengthened his royal authority. Khosrow I, who suppressed the Mazdakites toward the end of Kavād's reign, succeeded his father and established a centralized system of rule by reforming the tax system, improving the bureaucracy, and organizing a royal standing army. …

From the Mazdak Religion

...Even today, there is a conflict between those who consider Mazdak's movement to be primarily a social reform movement and those who consider it to be primarily a religious reform movement against the orthodox Zoroastrianism of the time, with social aspects being secondary. His teachings quickly captured the hearts of the people in the social situation of the time, which was in turmoil due to the invasion of the Hephthalites from the north and famine, and King Kavad I (reigned 488-496, 499-531) became a follower of his teachings, partly in order to control the power of the nobility and high priesthood, and his influence further expanded within the royal court. In the latter years of his reign, Kavad I, on the advice of his son and next king, Khosrow I, changed his policy and decided to kill Mazdak and his followers all at once (528 or early 529).

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Kavad I" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…5世紀半ばには東方にエフタルが出現し，ペーローズPērōzの時代はエフタルの侵入とうち続く大飢饉に苦しんだ。カワード1世Kavādh Iは，当時国内に起こっていたマズダク教の社会運動，他方ではエフタルの力を利用して大貴族や祭司階級の勢力を抑え，王権の強化をはかった。カワードの治世末期にマズダク教徒を弾圧したホスロー1世は，父王のあとをついで即位すると，税制改革，官僚制の整備，国王常備軍の編成によって中央集権的な支配体制を確立した。…

【マズダク教】より

…今なお，マズダクの運動を，まず社会改革運動とする立場と，本来は当時の正統ゾロアスター教に対する宗教改革運動であって，社会的なものは副次的とする見解の対立がある。その教説は，北方よりのエフタル族の侵入と飢饉で混乱する当時の社会情勢を背景に，急速に人心をつかみ，国王カワード1世(在位488‐496,499‐531)が，貴族，高級聖職者階級の権勢を制する意図もあってその信奉者となったことから，さらに王宮内にも勢力を拡大した。カワード1世は治世の晩年，その子で次王のホスロー1世の助言を入れて方針を転じ，マズダクとその信従者たちを一挙に殺害することに踏み切った(528年あるいは529年初頭)。…

※「カワード[１世]」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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