Court, Margaret

Japanese: コート(英語表記)Court, Margaret
Court, Margaret
Born July 16, 1942, Albury, Australia. She dominated the women's tennis world in the 1960s. She won her first Australian Open women's singles title in 1960, and won seven consecutive titles in 1966. In 1970, she achieved a Grand Slam (winning four Grand Slam tournaments) by winning the Australian Open, Wimbledon, French Open, and US Open women's singles titles. She became the second player in women's tennis history to win a Grand Slam title, after Maureen C. Connolly, who was the first to do so in 1953. In 1963, she also won the mixed doubles Grand Slam, making her the only player to win a Grand Slam title in two events. She set a record for singles titles: 11 Australian Open titles, four French Open titles, three Wimbledon titles, and five US Open titles. She retired from tennis after getting married in 1967, but by the time she retired in 1975, she had a total of 66 Grand Slam titles, the most ever won by a woman. After tennis became professional, she turned professional. With her powerful serve-and-volley technique, she fought tenaciously and held the number one women's tennis world ranking for a total of seven years. In 1979, she was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame.

Coat
Cort, Henry

Born: 1740. Lancaster
[died]1800. British inventor who developed the puddle process for producing wrought iron from London pig iron. In 1775, he bought an ironworks near Portsmouth with the money he had saved from 10 years of work as a civil servant in the Royal Navy. In 1783, he invented and patented a grooved roller that could turn rolled plates into iron bars and other products in less time and at lower cost than traditional methods such as forging. In 1784, he developed the puddle process, which stirred molten pig iron in a reverberatory furnace, and patented it again. In the puddle process, the iron melts without coming into direct contact with the coal because the heat is applied by a swirling coal flame and hot gases above the iron, and the carbon is removed by contact with the circulating air. Although the exact differences between this method and similar methods developed by other iron makers earlier are unclear, Cort's two inventions had a major impact on the British iron industry, and British iron production quadrupled over the next 20 years. However, after it was discovered that the investments made by his partners had been stolen, Cort was stripped of his patent, went bankrupt, and was later given only a small pension. (→Industrial Revolution)

Coat
Couto, Diogo de

Born: 1542. Lisbon
Died in 1616. Portuguese historian and chronicler. Raised by the household of Prince Dom Luís, he studied philosophy at the College of Santo Antão and the monastery of Benfica. At the age of 17, he went to India as a soldier and spent most of his life in the Orient. Philip II appointed him archivist in Goa and commissioned him to write a sequel to João de Barros's Annals of the Asiatic Annals. His major works include O Soldado Prático (1790), a dialogue-style account of the decline of Portugal in Asia, and Obras Inéditas (1808), a collection of unpublished works.

Coat
coat

A western garment that is usually waist-length or longer, fits to the torso, and has sleeves that open at the front and are worn on the outside. The word coat originally meant a cover, but it is also synonymous with tunic. For this reason, the word is used to mean not only cloaks and outerwear, but also men's outerwear, women's outerwear tailored for men, long outerwear for women and children, and clothing indicating a particular rank or occupation. There are many types of coats, depending on their shape, material, and purpose, but the most common are raincoats, overcoats, sack coats (suits), and frock coats. (→ Surcoat, Jacket)

Coat
Koht, Halvdan

[Born] 1873
[Died] 1965
Norwegian modern European historian and politician. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1935 to 1941. He went into exile during World War II.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1942.7.16. オルベリー
オーストラリアのテニス選手。1960年代の女子テニス界に君臨した。1960年全豪選手権大会(→全豪オープン)女子シングルスで初優勝し,1966年に 7連覇を達成した。1970年に全豪オープン,ウィンブルドン選手権大会,全仏オープン,全米オープンテニス選手権大会の女子シングルスを制してグランドスラム(四大大会制覇)を達成。モーリーン・C.コノリーの女子テニス史上初(1953)に次ぐ 2人目のグランドスラム獲得選手となった。1963年に混合ダブルスでもグランドスラムを達成し,2種目でグランドスラムを達成した唯一の選手となった。全豪オープンで 11回,全仏オープンで 4回,ウィンブルドン選手権で 3回,全米オープンで 5回のシングルス優勝記録を樹立した。1967年に結婚し一時テニス界から退いたが,1975年に引退するまで世界四大大会で女子歴代最多の通算 66勝を達成した。テニスのプロ化後,プロに転じた。強力なサーブ・アンド・ボレーを武器に粘り強い戦いを展開し,女子テニスの世界ランキング 1位の座を通算 7年保持した。1979年国際テニス殿堂入りを果たした。

コート
Cort, Henry

[生]1740. ランカスター
[没]1800. ロンドン
銑鉄から練鉄を製造するパドル法(攪錬法)を開発したイギリスの発明家。1775年,イギリス海軍の文官として 10年間働いて貯めた資金を投じ,ポーツマス近くの製鉄所を買収。1783年,鍛造など従来の方法より短時間,低コストで圧延板を棒鉄などに加工できる溝つきローラを発明し,特許を取得。1784年には溶解した銑鉄を反射炉の中でかき混ぜるパドル法を開発し,再び特許を取得した。パドル法では,鉄の上で渦巻く石炭の炎と高温の気体が熱を加えるため,鉄は石炭に直接触れることなく溶解し,循環する空気との接触により炭素分が除去される。この方法と,それ以前に他の製鉄業者が開発した同様の方法との厳密な違いは不明だが,コートの二つの発明はイギリスの製鉄業に多大な影響をもたらし,その後 20年間でイギリスの鉄生産量は 4倍に増えた。しかしその後,共同事業主の出資金が盗んだ金だったことが判明したため,コートは特許を剥奪され破産。のちにごくわずかな年金のみが支給された。(→産業革命)

コート
Couto, Diogo de

[生]1542. リスボン
[没]1616. ゴア
ポルトガルの歴史家,年代記作者。ドン・ルイス親王家で育てられ,サントアンタン学院およびベンフィカの修道院で哲学を学んだ。 17歳のときインドに軍人として赴き,東洋で生涯の大半を過ごした。フェリペ2世は彼をゴアの文書館長に任命し,ジョアン・デ・バーロスの『アジア旬年史』の続編を書かせた。主著は,対話形式でアジアにおけるポルトガルの衰退の原因を記述した『実際的な軍人』O Soldado Prático (1790) など。『未刊作品集』 Obras Inéditas (1808) がある。

コート
coat

通常,胴部に適合した腰丈またはそれより長い,外側に着る袖のある前開きの洋服。コートは元来カバーの意であり,一方チュニックとも同義である。このことから,外套,外被のほか,広く男子用の上衣,また男物仕立ての婦人用上衣,婦人子供用の長上衣,特定の地位や職業を示す服などの意に用いられる。コートの種別は形,素材,用途などによって多様であるが,一般的には,レインコート,オーバーコート,サックコート (背広服 ) ,フロックコートなどがある。 (→サーコート , ジャケット )  

コート
Koht, Halvdan

[生]1873
[没]1965
ノルウェーのヨーロッパ近代史家,政治家。 1935~41年外相に就任。第2次世界大戦中は亡命。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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