The oldest Slavic literary language, established in the second half of the 9th century. Medieval Slavic as a written language found in manuscripts of church documents such as the Bible, liturgical books, and the lives of saints, from the 10th to the 12th centuries in the West Slavic regions of Moravia and Pannonia and the South Slavic regions of Bulgaria and Macedonia. Many of the manuscripts were produced in Bulgaria, and since it has characteristics of South Slavic languages, it is sometimes called Old Bulgarian. It is strictly distinct from the later Church Slavic, which is still used today as the liturgical language of churches in Russia, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Serbia, and other countries where Byzantine culture and Greek Orthodox traditions are deeply rooted. Old Church Slavonic was established when Greek brothers Kyril (Slavic name Cyril) and Methodius, who were sent to the Western Slavic country of Moravia as a missionary by order of the Byzantine emperor in around 862, devised a systematic script (Glagolitic alphabet) suitable for writing the Slavic language of the time and attempted to translate church documents into Slavic. Because it retains a form and structure close to Proto-Slavic, it is an important resource for historical and comparative linguistics, and also served as the basis for the establishment of modern Russian literary language. [Kurihara Shigeru] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
9世紀後半に成立した最古のスラブ文語。時期的には10世紀から12世紀にかけて、場所的には西スラブのモラビア、パンノニアと南スラブのブルガリア、マケドニアとにまたがって、聖書、典礼書、聖者伝などの教会文書の写本にみられる文章語としての中世スラブ語。写本はブルガリアで作成されたものが多く、南スラブ語的特徴を備えているために、古代ブルガリア語とよばれることもある。ビザンティン文化とギリシア正教の伝統の根強いロシア、ウクライナ、ブルガリア、セルビアなどにおいて今日なお教会の典礼用言語として用いられている後代の教会スラブ語とは、厳密には区別される。 古代教会スラブ語は、ビザンティン皇帝の命により、862年ごろ、西スラブ人の国モラビアに宣教のため派遣されたギリシア人の学僧キリロス(スラブ名キリル)、メトディオス兄弟が、当時のスラブ語の表記に適した体系的な文字(グラゴール文字)を考案し、教会文献のスラブ語への翻訳を試みたことを契機として成立した。スラブ祖語に近い形態と構造を保持しているため、歴史・比較言語学の資料として重要であり、現代ロシア文語の成立の基ともなった。 [栗原成郎] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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