Gosbank (English spelling)

Japanese: ゴスバンク（英語表記）Gosbank

The national central bank of the former Soviet Union. Gosudarstvennyi bank (SSSR) is an abbreviation for Gosudarstvennyi bank. It was established in October 1921 after the revolution as the State Central Bank of the Russian Republic, and adopted this name in July 1923. It was a financial institution that directly reported to the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union and played an important role as a supervisory agency for the overall implementation of the financial and credit plans of the Soviet economic plan. It had the right to issue rubles, and in addition to general banking operations, it handled domestic settlements, short-term credit, long-term loans to agriculture, and international settlements. Since commercial bills were prohibited in the Soviet Union, this bank was responsible for all inter-company and inter-institution settlements and short-term credit to companies, and it held the accounts of state-owned enterprises and government agencies in a centralized manner. Since its establishment, it played a powerful role in implementing the nation's financial plans and monetary policies, but with the collapse of the Soviet Union at the end of 1991, its functions were handed over to the central banks of each republic, and only the Central Bank of Russia has inherited the right to issue rubles.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

旧ソ連の国立中央銀行。 Gosudarstvennyi bank SSSRの略称。革命後の 1921年 10月ロシア共和国国立中央銀行として設立，23年7月この名称となる。ソ連閣僚会議に直属し，ソ連の経済計画のうち金融，信用計画の全面的な実施，監督機関として重要な役割をになった金融機関。ルーブル通貨発行権をもち，一般銀行業務のほか，国内決済業務，短期信用供与業務，農業に対する長期貸付け，国際決済業務などを行なった。ソ連では商業手形が禁止されていたため，企業相互，機関相互の決済，企業に対する短期信用供与はすべてこの銀行が行うことになっており，国営企業，政府機関の勘定を集中して保持していた。創立以来国家の財政計画や金融政策を遂行するうえで強大な機能を果してきたが，91年末のソ連崩壊とともにその機能は各共和国の中央銀行に引継がれ，ルーブルの発行権については，ロシア中央銀行だけがその権利を継承している。

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