Abbreviation: UNHCR. It was established by a resolution of the United Nations General Assembly in December 1949 and was launched on January 1, 1951. Its objectives are to protect refugees and promote a lasting solution to the refugee problem. The work of the High Commissioner must be entirely non-political, humanitarian and social, and in principle, to concern groups and categories of refugees. However, since 1971, it has been carrying out special activities for displaced people who, although not by definition refugees, are in a similar situation to refugees and need international assistance. The refugee and displaced people relief fund relies on voluntary contributions from governments and private individuals, and has reached $1.5 billion in recent years. The largest number of refugees are in Africa, and many live in refugee camps run by the UN High Commissioner for Refugees. In addition to its headquarters in Geneva, it has offices in about 200 locations around the world. It has been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize twice, in 1954 and 1981. From 1991 to 2000, Japan's Sadako Ogata served as the eighth United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. [Kentaro Serida] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
略称UNHCR。1949年12月の国連総会決議によって設立が決定され、1951年1月1日に発足した国連の機関で、難民の保護と、難民問題の永続的解決の促進とを目的としている。高等弁務官の仕事は完全に非政治的性格のもので、人道的かつ社会的でなければならず、また原則として、難民のグループ(集団)およびカテゴリー(部類)に関係するものでなければならない。しかし1971年以降は、定義上は難民とはいえないが、難民同様の状況にあり国際的援助を必要とする、住むべき土地を奪われた流民のための特別活動を行ってきている。難民・流民のための救済基金は、各国政府や民間からの自発的醵金(きょきん)に頼っており、近年では15億ドルに達している。もっとも難民の多いのはアフリカで、多くは国連難民高等弁務官が運営する難民キャンプで生活している。ジュネーブの本部のほか、世界の約200か所に事務所がある。1954年および1981年の2回にわたりノーベル平和賞を受賞した。1991~2000年、日本の緒方貞子(おがたさだこ)が国連難民高等弁務官(第8代)を務めた。 [芹田健太郎] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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