National Popular Theatre (TNP)

Japanese: 国立民衆劇場 - こくりつみんしゅうげきじょう（英語表記）Théâtre National Populaire; TNP

One of France's national theater companies. It was founded in 1920 with the approval of the National Assembly, aiming to be a "theatre for the people." The first director was the famous actor F. Gemier. In 1933, Fourtier took over and based the theater at the Palais de Chaillot, but for a while after that, the theater's vast open-curtain stage and 2,800-seat capacity were wasted and there was no activity worth seeing. In 1951, J. Villard became director and formed an affiliated theater company with excellent actors such as G. Philippe, M. Casares, and D. Solano, attracting a new audience of workers and students, and winning acclaim for its unique direction, new interpretations of classics, and its active staging of modern plays, such as the French premiere of Brecht's plays. After 1963, G. Wilson took over as president, but the decline in audience numbers could not be stopped, and in 1972, as part of a policy of decentralisation, the government gave the name TNP to the municipal theatre in Villebane, near Lyon, which was run by R. Planchon.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

フランスの国立劇団の一つ。「人民のための劇場」を目指して，1920年国会の承認を受け，創設された。初代監督に名優 F.ジェミエが就任。 33年フールティエが継ぎ，シャイヨー宮を本拠地としたが，以後しばらくの間は，その広大な幕なしの舞台と，定員 2800の客席をもつ大劇場をもてあまし，みるべき活動もなかった。 51年 J.ビラールが監督に就任し，G.フィリップ，M.カザレス，D.ソラノらすぐれた俳優を迎えて付属の劇団を結成，勤労者，学生を中心とする新しい観客層をひきつけ，独特の演出による古典の新解釈と，ブレヒト戯曲のフランス初演など現代劇の積極的上演によって好評を博した。 63年以後 G.ウィルソンが主宰したが，観客数の減少は止められず，72年政府は地方分権化政策の一環として，R.プランションの主宰するリヨン近郊ビルバーヌの市立劇場に TNPの名称を与えた。

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