National Revolution - kokumin kakumei (English spelling) Guo-min ge-ming

Japanese: 国民革命 - こくみんかくめい（英語表記）Guo-min ge-ming

The revolution was carried out by the Chinese Communist Party and the Kuomintang from 1924 to 1927, when they formed a national united front aimed at anti-imperialists and anti-warlords. There are theories that it took place between 1922 and 1928, and theories that it was a revolution carried out by the Kuomintang (among which there are theories that it took place from (1) the period from the reorganization of the Kuomintang in 1924 to the completion of the Northern Expedition in 1928, and (2) the period from the reorganization of the Kuomintang to the transition to the "constitutional period" in May 1948). It can also be said to be the Chinese revolution during the period known as the First Civil Revolutionary War. At the First National Congress of the Kuomintang in January 1924, the Kuomintang-Communist cooperation was officially established, and the Kuomintang clearly adopted anti-imperialist and anti-warlord policies, and set out three major policies: solidarity with the Soviet Union, tolerance of communism, and assistance to the workers and peasants. A new national united front was formed, and a wide range of the people began to participate in it and play an active role. As a concrete expression of the united front, the National Congress Movement, which had already begun in 1923, was actively promoted as an institutional and peaceful means. Amid the rise of the labor movement and the expansion of the peasant movement, the May 30th Incident occurred in 1925, which gave rise to a general strike in Shanghai, and as the Northern Expedition progressed from 1926, the National Revolutionary Army continued its unstoppable advance with the strong support of the working and peasant masses. However, the united front began to collapse with Chiang Kai-shek's Shanghai coup in April 1927, and the National Revolution was thwarted by the Wuhan government's decision to go anti-communist in July.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

1924～27年中国共産党と中国国民党が，反帝国主義，反軍閥を目指す民族統一戦線を結成して推進した革命。 22～28年とする説，中国国民党によって実践される革命とする説 (このなかでも〈1〉1924年の国民党改組から 28年の北伐完了までとする説，〈2〉同じく国民党改組から 48年5月「憲政期」移行までとする説などに分れる) などもある。第1次国内革命戦争と呼ばれる時期の中国革命であるともいえる。 24年1月の国民党一全大会で国共合作が正式に成立し，国民党がその政策に反帝国主義，反軍閥を明確に取入れ，ソ連との連帯，容共，労農援助の三大政策を打出したことによって，中国革命は新しい段階を迎えた。新たに民族的統一戦線が結成され，広範な国民大衆がこれに参加，積極的な役割をにないはじめた。統一戦線の具体的な表現として，すでに 23年から開始されていた国民会議運動が制度的，平和的手段として積極的に推進された。労働運動の高揚，農民運動の拡大のなかで，25年五・三〇事件が起り，上海でのゼネストを生み，26年から始る北伐の進行過程で国民革命軍は労農大衆の強力な支援のもとに破竹の進撃を続けたが，27年4月蒋介石の上海クーデターによって統一戦線は崩壊しはじめ，7月の武漢政府の反共決定によって国民革命は挫折した。

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