Latin Empire - Empire Latin de Constantinople (French)

Japanese: ラテン帝国 - らてんていこく(英語表記)Empire Latin de Constantinople フランス語
Latin Empire - Empire Latin de Constantinople (French)

A Western-style feudal state founded in 1204 by the Fourth Crusade, mainly composed of French and Venetians, who intervened in the civil war of the Byzantine Empire and occupied Constantinople. Its territories included Thessaloniki, mainland Greece (Duchies of Athens and Achaea), the Aegean islands, and western Asia Minor. According to a partition agreement made before the conquest, the French and Venetians nominated Baudouin I (reigned 1204-05, 9th as Count of Flanders) as the first "Emperor and Ruler of the Romans", and divided three-quarters of the total conquered territories, excluding his share, and gave them to their vassals as fiefs. However, the political situation was always unstable, and there was constant interference and counterattacks from the neighboring Bulgaria and Epirus. In addition, the local Greek Orthodox residents were hostile towards the Roman Catholic Church, which led to social devastation. In 1261, the capital was recaptured by the troops of Emperor Michael VIII of Nicaea (1259-82) and a popular uprising, restoring the Byzantine Empire, and the last Latin emperor, Baudouin II (1228-61), went into exile in Italy.

[Rinsuke Hashiguchi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フランス人とベネチア人を主力とする第4回十字軍が1204年ビザンティン帝国の内紛に干渉し、コンスタンティノープルを占領して創設した西欧型封建制国家。テッサロニキ、ギリシア本土(アテネ公領、アカイア公領)、エーゲ海島嶼(とうしょ)、小アジア西部を領土とした。フランス人とベネチア人は征服前の分割協定により、初代の「皇帝にしてローマ人の支配者」にボードアン1世Baudouin Ⅰ(在位1204~05。フランドル伯としては9世)を推挙し、その取り分を除く全征服地の4分の3を折半して、おのおの陪臣に封土として分与したが、政情はつねに不安定で国境を接するブルガリアとエピルスから干渉、反撃が絶えなかった。また、ギリシア正教徒の現地住民は、ローマ・カトリック教会に反感を抱き、社会的荒廃を招いた。1261年、ニカイア皇帝ミハイル8世Michael Ⅷ(在位1259~82)の軍隊と民衆蜂起(ほうき)により首都を奪回され、ビザンティン帝国が復興した。最後のラテン皇帝ボードアン2世(在位1228~61)はイタリアに亡命した。

[橋口倫介]

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