A unit used to indicate the potency of vitamins, hormones, etc. internationally and is abbreviated as IU. The World Health Organization (WHO) establishes and distributes international standards. When it is not possible to indicate the purity of a substance that has a physiological effect in extremely small amounts, its potency is expressed by the strength of its physiological effect. In such cases, since differences arise depending on the test conditions such as the type, sex, and age of the test animals, a stable product that always shows a certain potency is internationally standardized as an international standard, and its potency is compared with that of the test animal under certain conditions and the unit of that product is sometimes indicated. This is the international unit, and once the substance's chemistry has been clearly clarified, it is changed to a weight indication. Examples include vitamins and adrenal cortical hormones. Pharmaceuticals currently used in Japan that display their content in international units include the recombinant blood coagulation factor VIII preparation Octocog alpha, the plasma fraction preparation anti-tetanus human immunoglobulin, the biological preparations interferon alpha, interferon beta, and interferon gamma, hormone agents such as recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone preparations, follitropin alpha, and follitropin beta, the low molecular weight heparin preparations that are blood coagulation inhibitors (anticoagulants) such as dalteparin sodium, parnaparin sodium, and reviparin sodium, recombinant enzyme preparations (t-PA preparations) used to dissolve blood clots, such as alteplase, tisokinase, pamiteplase, and monteplase, epoetin alpha and epoetin beta, which are used to treat renal anemia during dialysis, and salmon calcitonin (synthetic), a pain treatment for osteoporosis. [Fumiji Koho] [References] | | | | | | | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ビタミンやホルモンなどの効力を国際的に統一して示すときに用いられる単位で、略してIUと記す。世界保健機関(WHO)で国際標準品を制定、配布している。きわめて微量で生理作用を有する物質について、純度を示すことができない場合、生理作用の強さで効力を表すことになる。その場合、試験動物の種類、性差、年齢など試験条件によって差を生ずるところから、つねに一定の力価を示す安定した製品を国際的に統一して国際標準品とし、これとの効力の比較を一定の条件下において試験し、そのものの単位を示すことがある。これが国際単位で、その物質が化学的にはっきり解明されると重量表示に変えられる。ビタミンや副腎(ふくじん)皮質ホルモン剤などがその例である。現在、日本で使用されている医薬品のうち、含量を国際単位で表示しているものには、遺伝子組換え型血液凝固第Ⅷ因子製剤のオクトコグα(アルファ)、血漿(けっしょう)分画製剤の抗破傷風人免疫グロブリン、生物学的製剤であるインターフェロンα、インターフェロンβ(ベータ)、インターフェロンγ(ガンマ)、ホルモン剤では遺伝子組換えヒト卵胞刺激ホルモン製剤、フォリトロピンアルファ、フォリトロピンベータ、血液凝固阻止薬(抗凝血薬)の低分子ヘパリン製剤であるダルテパリンナトリウム、パルナパリンナトリウム、レビパリンナトリウム、血栓(けっせん)溶解に用いられる酵素製剤(t-PA製剤)遺伝子組換えのアルテプラーゼ、チソキナーゼ、パミテプラーゼ、モンテプラーゼ、透析中の腎性(じんせい)貧血に用いられるエポエチンα、エポエチンβ、骨粗鬆症(こつそしょうしょう)における疼痛(とうつう)治療薬サケカルシトニン(合成)などがある。 [幸保文治] [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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