A unit system adopted by the General Conference on Weights and Measures in 1960. The metric system was created with the slogan "One unit system for all people in all times." However, as units for scientific and industrial quantities other than weights and measures were added, it split into several unit systems. The metric system was established with the aim of reunifying these. In accordance with the practice of using French as the official language of weights and measures, it was called the Système International d'Unités, and it was also decided that the international standard abbreviation would be SI. Therefore, units that belong to the SI are called SI units ( ).At the time of the resolution, six base units (length meter m, mass kilogram kg, time second s, electric current ampere A, thermodynamic temperature Kelvin, and luminous intensity candela cd) were selected and algebraically combined to create units of various physical quantities (derived units). Two additional supplementary units (plane angle radian rad and solid angle steradian sr) were established, but in 1995, these two supplementary units were considered to be dimensionless derived units. All multiples and quantities of units are in the decimal system, and 12 prefixes (currently 20) are provided to represent integral powers of 10 common to each unit. Symbols are assigned to units and prefixes. The features of this system of units are that, first, each unit is derived from the base unit according to the same principle, forming a consistent system. Second, only one unit corresponds to one physical quantity. Third, all are consistent in the decimal system. However, since it would be difficult to achieve international unification of this system all at once, the International Committee for Weights and Measures has concretely listed several units other than SI units that can be used in conjunction, those that can be used in conjunction only in special fields, and those that can be used in conjunction temporarily. An example of a unit that can be used in conjunction is the sexagesimal system of time and angle. The gravitational unit system is to be abolished immediately, but since it is used in engineering in all countries, most of the issues regarding unification are concentrated here. As of 2012, the base units have been expanded to seven with the addition of the mole, a unit of amount of substance, and the Kelvin degree (K), a unit of thermodynamic temperature, has been renamed to Kelvin (K). [Koizumi Kesakatsu and Imai Hidetaka] [Reference] |©Shogakukan "> SI base units Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
1960年の国際度量衡総会で決議された単位系。すべての時代に、すべての人々が、ただ一つの単位系で、というスローガンでつくられたメートル法も、度量衡以外の科学や工業用の諸量の単位を追加してゆく過程で、いくつかの単位系に分かれてしまった。そこでこれらを再統一しようという目的で制定された。度量衡はフランス語を公用語とする、という慣行に従ってSystème International d'Unitésとよばれ、国際統一略称をSIとすることも決議された。そこでSIに属する単位をSI単位という( )。決議当時は6個の基本単位(長さのメートルm、質量のキログラムkg、時間の秒s、電流のアンペアA、熱力学温度のケルビン度、光度のカンデラcd)をとり、これらを代数的に組み合わせることによって諸物理量の単位(組立単位)をつくった。別に二つの補助単位(平面角のラジアンrad、立体角のステラジアンsr)を設けるが、1995年に、これら二つの補助単位は無次元の組立単位とみなすこととなった。 単位の倍量、分量はすべて十進法とし、各単位に共通の10の整数乗倍を表す12個の接頭語を設けた(現在は20個)。単位および接頭語には記号が定められる。 この単位系の特徴は、まず各単位は基本単位から同じ原則によって組立単位として導かれる首尾一貫した系をなすということである。次に、一つの物理量に対して、ただ一つの単位が対応するということ。そしてすべて十進法で一貫していることである。しかし一挙にこの単位系で国際統一を行うことは困難なので、国際度量衡委員会は、SI単位以外のいくつかについて、併用できるもの、特殊な分野に限って併用するもの、および暫定的に併用できるものを具体的にあげている。併用するものの例に六十進法の時間と角度の単位がある。重力単位系はただちに廃止することになっているが、これは各国とも工学に用いているものであるため、統一上の問題はほとんどここに集中される。 2012年時点で、基本単位は物質量の単位モルmolが追加されて7個になり、熱力学温度のケルビン度()はケルビン(K)と改められている。 [小泉袈裟勝・今井秀孝] [参照項目] |©Shogakukan"> SI基本単位 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
>>: International unit - kokusaitanii (English spelling) international unit
...However, the continuum problem itself, i.e., w...
Violinist. Born in Tokyo. He started learning the...
…His children included Triton, the half-man, half...
1908‐ A writer from the Democratic People's Re...
… [Japanese Shamanism] Japanese shamanism has bee...
Since the mid-16th century, choral music has been ...
This is a calculation method for dividing a polyno...
…When Zeus fell in love with her and gave birth t...
It is located at the bottom of the rectum, which ...
The last dynasty of Burma (1752-1885) was founded...
...to carry out construction work. [Design and Co...
…[Tetsuichi Yahara]. … *Some of the terminology t...
A town in Kurate County in northern Fukuoka Prefec...
[raw]? [Died] Genroku 3 (1690). September 4th. Kyo...
…In this formula, ⊿ T is the magnitude of the fre...