Japan International Cooperation Agency (Kokusaikyoryokujigyodan)

Abbreviated as JICA. A special corporation established in August 1974 under the Japan International Cooperation Agency Act with the objectives of contributing to the social and economic development of developing countries and promoting international cooperation. It was established by integrating the Overseas Technical Cooperation Agency (established in 1962) and the Japan Overseas Emigration Agency (established in 1963), among others. In October 2003, the independent administrative institution Japan International Cooperation Agency was launched, taking over the operations of the former Japan International Cooperation Agency.

JICA is responsible for the majority of bilateral grants (technical cooperation and grant aid) among Japan's Official Development Assistance (ODA). With the catchphrase "Human Resource Development, Nation Building, Heart-to-Heart Connection," JICA's activities are based on human resource development in developing countries. JICA's activities are mainly (1) government-based technical cooperation with developing countries (accepting trainees, dispatching experts, providing equipment, project-based technical cooperation, development studies, etc.), (2) sending young people overseas to promote cooperation activities (Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers), (3) providing funds necessary for the development of related facilities required for social development and the development of agriculture, forestry, fisheries, mining and manufacturing in developing countries, and funds and technology for experimental projects that precede development projects, (4) promoting research and implementation for grant aid, (5) training and securing human resources to promote technical cooperation, (6) operations necessary for Japanese people to emigrate overseas to Latin America and other places, and (7) emergency assistance to countries affected by large-scale disasters. JICA aims to comprehensively carry out these related activities and effectively promote Japan's international cooperation through mutual exchange and understanding with developing countries.

[Kenji Akiyama]

"Annual Report of the Japan International Cooperation Agency (Japan International Cooperation Agency)" (Annual edition, International Cooperation Publishing Co., Ltd.) "Current Status and Issues of Economic Cooperation (Ministry of International Trade and Industry)" (Annual edition, Research Institute of International Trade and Industry)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

略称JICA(ジャイカ)。開発途上国の社会や経済の開発および発展に貢献し、国際協力を促進することを目的に、1974年（昭和49）8月国際協力事業団法に基づき設立された特殊法人。海外技術協力事業団（1962年設立）および海外移住事業団（1963年設立）などを統合して設立された。2003年（平成15）10月独立行政法人国際協力機構が発足し、国際協力事業団の業務を継承した。

　日本のODA（政府開発援助）のうちの二国間贈与（技術協力と無償資金協力）の大部分をJICAが担当している。「人造り、国造り、心のふれあい」をキャッチフレーズに、開発途上国の人材養成を事業の基本とする。おもに、(1)開発途上国に対する政府ベースの技術協力（研修員受入れ、専門家の派遣、機材供与、プロジェクト方式の技術協力、開発調査など）、(2)青年を海外に派遣し協力活動を進める（青年海外協力隊）、(3)開発途上国の社会開発や農林水産業・鉱工業開発に必要となる関連施設の整備に必要な資金、開発事業に先行する試験的事業への資金や技術の提供、(4)無償資金協力のための調査や実施の促進、(5)技術協力を進める人材の養成や確保、(6)中南米などへの日本人の海外移住に必要な業務、(7)大規模災害の被災国への緊急援助、などである。これらの関連業務を総合的に実施し、途上国との相互交流や相互理解を通じて、わが国の国際協力を効果的に推進しようとするものである。

［秋山憲治］

『国際協力事業団著『国際協力事業団年報』（各年版・国際協力出版会）』▽『通商産業省編『経済協力の現状と問題点』（各年版・通商産業調査会）』

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