International Federations

Japanese: 国際競技連盟 - こくさいきょうぎれんめい(英語表記)International Federations
International Federations

A non-governmental organization that governs the sports organizations of each country internationally. Abbreviated as IF. Each IF manages its own sport at the Olympics and World Championships, and also establishes its own competition participation regulations and competition rules that are applied internationally. The oldest Olympic sport is the International Gymnastics Federation, founded in 1881. As of 2020, there are more than 200 member countries (including regions and associations) of international sports federations, including athletics, soccer, basketball, table tennis, and volleyball.

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) has officially recognized 28 IFs, including IAAF, FIFA, and the International Judo Federation, as sports to be implemented at the Summer Olympics in the 2020 Olympic Charter, and seven IFs, including the International Ski Federation and the International Skating Union, as sports to be implemented at the Winter Olympics. These federations make up the Union of International Federations for Summer Olympics and the Union of International Federations for Winter Olympics, respectively, and support the operation of the Olympics.

In addition, as of 2020, there are 41 other federations that are "IOC-recognized international sports federations," including the World Baseball Softball Confederation (the International Baseball Federation and the International Softball Federation merged in 2013) and the International Sumo Federation, among others that have close ties to Japan.

Baseball and softball, which are popular in Japan, were included as competitive events up until the 2008 Beijing Olympics, but due to issues with their international popularity, they were not included in the 2012 London Olympics or the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics. However, they were reinstated as additional events at the Tokyo Olympics scheduled for 2020, and Japan became an "associate member" of the Union of International Sports Federations for the Summer Olympics. "Full members" include the International Golf Federation, which governs golf and rugby, which were newly included in the 2016 Olympics, and World Rugby (which was renamed from the International Rugby Board in 2014).

As of 2020, there is one Japanese president of an international sports federation for an Olympic sport: Morinari Watanabe (1959- ), the International Gymnastics Federation president, who took office in 2017. Other Japanese presidents in the past include Risei Kano (1900-1986), the first president of the International Judo Federation, Shigeyoshi Matsumae, the third president, and Ichiro Ogimura (1932-1994) of the International Table Tennis Federation.

[Hiroo Kato and Toshio Nakanishi January 21, 2021]

[References] | International Olympic Committee

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

各国の競技団体を国際的に統括する非政府組織。略称IF。各IFはオリンピックや世界選手権などでそれぞれの競技の運営にあたると同時に、国際的に適用する大会参加規定や競技規則(ルール)を独自に制定する。オリンピック実施競技のなかでもっとも古いのは1881年創設の国際体操連盟である。2020年の時点で加盟国(地域、協会を含む)が200を超す国際競技連盟には陸上競技、サッカー、バスケットボール、卓球、バレーボールなどがある。

 国際オリンピック委員会(IOC)が2020年のオリンピック憲章で夏季オリンピック大会の実施競技として公認しているIFは世界陸連、国際サッカー連盟、国際柔道連盟など28団体で、冬季オリンピック大会としては国際スキー連盟、国際スケート連盟など7団体がある。これらの連盟は、それぞれ夏季オリンピック国際競技連盟連合、冬季オリンピック国際競技連盟連合の組織を構成してオリンピックの運営をサポートする。

 そのほかに、2020年時点で「IOC承認の国際競技連盟」として41の連盟が存在し、日本に関係の深いものとしては世界野球ソフトボール連盟(2013年に国際野球連盟と国際ソフトボール連盟が統合)、国際相撲(すもう)連盟などがある。

 日本で盛んな野球、ソフトボールは2008年の北京(ペキン)オリンピックまでは競技種目に採用されていたが、国際的な普及度の問題もあって、2012年のロンドン大会と2016年のリオ・デ・ジャネイロ大会では実施されなかった。しかし、2020年に予定されていた東京大会の追加種目に復帰したことで、夏季オリンピック国際競技連盟連合の「準メンバー」に加わった。「正メンバー」には2016年のオリンピックで新しく実施競技となったゴルフとラグビーを統括する国際ゴルフ連盟、ワールドラグビー(2014年に国際ラグビーボードから改称)などが入っている。

 2020年の時点で、オリンピック実施競技で国際競技連盟の会長を務める日本人は2017年に就任した国際体操連盟の渡邊守成(わたなべもりなり)(1959― )の1人となっている。過去には、国際柔道連盟で初代会長の嘉納履正(かのうりせい)(1900―1986)、三代目会長の松前重義(まつまえしげよし)、国際卓球連盟の荻村伊智朗(おぎむらいちろう)(1932―1994)がいる。

[加藤博夫・中西利夫 2021年1月21日]

[参照項目] | 国際オリンピック委員会

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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