A type of consignment sale. It refers to a sale or purchase transaction that a merchant who has received a consignment from another person conducts in his or her own name, seeking a counterparty, and particularly refers to sales or purchases conducted by members of an exchange or commodity traders in response to a customer's consignment. In consignment sales, a producer or merchant of goods entrusts another merchant with selling the goods, and in return, the producer or merchant pays a certain percentage of the sales amount as a fee or commission. The producer or merchant who entrusts the goods is called the consignment seller, and the merchant who is entrusted is called the consignment seller. The latter is further divided into an agent, a middleman (broker), and a wholesaler depending on the method of acceptance. An agent is one who sells or purchases in the name of the person entrusting the goods, a middleman is one who only acts as an intermediary between other people, and a wholesaler is one who sells or purchases in his or her own name on the account of the person entrusting the goods. The most typical example of consignment sales is the case of a wholesaler, followed by the case of an agent. The commission or fee rate varies depending on the product and sales amount, but is generally around 2-3% and rarely exceeds 10%. Consignment sales are primarily used in the following cases: (1) When selling new products or unknown goods with unstable marketability, it is safer for the producer or dealer to rely on the sales capabilities of department stores or famous retailers rather than selling them themselves. (2) Trading on commodity exchanges or stock exchanges can only be done on a consignment basis with commodity brokers or securities dealers (members). (3) In trade, traders without overseas offices or merchants trying to develop new sales channels are generally unaware of the supply and demand situation and market conditions in overseas markets, so it is safer for them to sell on consignment even if they have to pay a commission. In this case, it is specifically called consignment sales trade. In consignment sales, the consignor seller may specify a minimum price for the consignee seller, or the selling price may be left to the vicissitudes of market price. The former is called limit price, and the latter is called market price. In addition, when the consignee seller sells the consignment goods at market price, it is called a clearance sale. [Mitsuo Morimoto] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
委託売買の一種。他人から売買の委託を受けた商人が、相手方を求めて自己の名において行う売買取引をさし、とくに取引所の会員、商品取引員が顧客の委託に応じて行う売買をいう。委託販売では、商品の生産者または商人が、他の商人に商品販売を委託し、それに対する報酬として、売上金額の一定歩合(ぶあい)を手数料または口銭(こうせん)(コミッション)として支払う販売方式がとられる。委託する側の生産者または商人は委託販売者、委託された側の商人は受託販売者とよばれ、後者はさらにその受託方法によって、代理商、仲立(なかだち)商(ブローカー)、問屋(といや)に分かれる。受託者が委託者の名において売買にあたるのが代理商、他人間の売買の媒介のみをするのが仲立商、受託者が自己の名において委託者の計算によって販売をするのが問屋である。なかでももっとも典型的な委託販売の例は問屋の場合であり、ついで代理商の場合である。手数料または口銭の歩合は、商品や売上金額によって異なるが、一般には2~3%前後であり、多くても10%を超えるものはまれである。 委託販売は主として次のような場合に行われる。(1)市場性の不安定な新製品や無名品を販売するには、生産者や取扱い商人が自分で販売するよりも、百貨店や有名小売店の販売能力に依存したほうが安全である。(2)商品取引所や証券取引所における取引は、商品仲買人や証券業者(会員)に委託しなければできない。(3)貿易上では、在外出先機関をもたない業者や新販路を開拓しようとする商人は、一般に海外市場の需給状況や相場の情勢に暗いことから、手数料を払っても委託販売したほうが安全である。この場合とくに委託販売貿易とよばれる。 委託販売の際、販売価格について、委託販売者が受託販売者に対して最低値段を指示する場合と、市価の成り行きに任せる場合とがある。前者を指値(さしね)、後者を成行(なりゆき)という。また、受託販売者が受託品を時価で処理することをとくに仕切り販売という。 [森本三男] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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