An independent administrative institution under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Finance. It was established within the Dajokan in February 1869 (Meiji 2), and renamed the Mint Bureau in July of the same year. It imported minting machinery from Britain and opened in Osaka in April 1871. In January 1877, it was renamed the Mint Bureau again. In January 2001 (Heisei 13), as part of the central government reorganization, the Ministry of Finance was renamed the Ministry of Finance, and it became part of the Ministry of Finance, and in April 2003, it became an independent administrative institution under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Finance. In addition to its head office in Osaka, it has branch offices in Tokyo and Hiroshima. The business of the Mint Bureau includes the manufacture of coins, medals, medals, alloys, and metal crafts, the sale of commemorative coins, the refining and certifying the quality of precious metals, and the analysis and testing of minerals. A special account was set up to run these businesses separately from the general account, but it was abolished when the Bureau became an independent administrative institution. The largest business is the manufacture of coins, and demand for coins has rapidly increased with the development of the national economy and the spread of vending machines. In fiscal 2007, the number of coins manufactured was 409.9 million 500-yen nickel-brass coins, 129.9 million 100-yen cupronickel coins, 9.9 million 50-yen cupronickel coins, 388.9 million 10-yen bronze coins, 9.9 million 5-yen brass coins, and 223.9 million 1-yen aluminum coins. The "Grand Inspection of Newly Minted Coins," in which the Minister acts as the inspector and publicly inspects newly minted coins to see if they are made in accordance with regulations, began in May 1872 with Inoue Kaoru, then Minister of Finance and Head of the Mint, as the inspector, and has continued to this day. In addition, a currency redemption reserve fund system has been established with the aim of maintaining confidence in currency by holding funds to be used for exchanging or redeeming currency. [Masatoshi Hayashi] "The 125-Year History of the Mint Bureau" (ed., The 125-Year History of the Mint Bureau) (1997, The Mint Bureau, Ministry of Finance) [Reference] |Headquarters: Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture ©Yuya Fujino "> The Mint Bureau Shinkawasaki-cho, Kita-ku, Osaka (present-day Tenma, Kita-ku). "Osaka Prefecture Photo Album" (1914, Taisho 3), National Diet Library . The Mint Bureau (Taisho Period) "Osaka Prefecture Photo Album" (1914, Taisho 3) owned by the National Diet Library Inside the Mint Bureau (Taisho period) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
財務省所管の独立行政法人。1869年(明治2)2月に太政官(だじょうかん)のなかに設けられ、同年7月に造幣寮と改称し、イギリスから造幣機械を輸入して1871年4月に大阪で開業した。1877年1月にふたたび造幣局と改称した。その後、2001年(平成13)1月の中央省庁再編で、大蔵省が財務省に改称したのに伴い、財務省の所属となり、2003年4月、財務省所管の独立行政法人となった。大阪市の本局のほか、東京、広島に支局を置いている。 造幣局の事業は、貨幣・勲章・章牌(しょうはい)・合金および金属工芸品などの製造、記念貨幣等の販売、貴金属の精製および品位の証明、鉱物の分析および試験などである。これらの事業を一般会計と区分して企業的に運営するために特別会計が設けられていたが、独立行政法人化に伴って廃止された。もっとも大きな事業は貨幣の製造であり、国民経済の進展、自動販売機の普及に伴ってその需要は急速に拡大した。2007年度の製造実績では、500円ニッケル黄銅貨4億0990枚、100円白銅貨1億2990万枚、50円白銅貨990万枚、10円青銅貨3億8890万枚、5円黄銅貨990万枚、1円アルミ貨2億2390万枚の製造となっている。大臣が執行官となって新しく製造された貨幣が規定どおりにつくられているかどうかを公開の場で検査する「製造貨幣大試験」は、1872年5月に当時の大蔵大輔(たいふ)兼造幣頭井上馨(かおる)が執行官となって行ったのに始まり、以後今日まで続けられている。 なお、貨幣の引き換えまたは回収にあてる資金を保有することによって貨幣の信任の維持を図るという趣旨から、貨幣回収準備資金制度が設けられている。 [林 正寿] 『造幣局125年史編集委員会編『造幣局125年史』(1997・大蔵省造幣局)』 [参照項目] |本局。大阪府大阪市©藤野優哉"> 造幣局 大阪市北区新川崎町(現在の北区天満)。『大阪府写真帖』(1914年〈大正3〉)国立国会図書館所蔵"> 造幣局(大正時代) 『大阪府写真帖』(1914年〈大正3〉)国立国会図書館所蔵"> 造幣局内部(大正時代) 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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