A facility that covers the existing ground of a riverbank or coast with concrete, asphalt, stone, etc. to protect it from erosion and prevent river water, seawater, etc. from infiltrating into the land. When used in a broad sense for rivers, the term "bank protection" can also include structures called "water groins" that protrude from the bank into the river, but generally it refers to a facility that protects the riverbank or levee. River banks consist of three parts: slope protection works, slope retaining works, and foot protection works. Slope protection works protect the slope with grass, gabions, stones, concrete, asphalt, etc. depending on the flow of the river, slope retaining works prevent the slope from sliding with piles, foundation timber, sheet piles, etc., and foot protection works use sunken beds, rubble, gabions, frames, deformed concrete blocks, etc. Coastal revetments often have wave breakers or breastworks to prevent wave overtopping, and the slopes are almost always covered with concrete. To prevent scouring of the revetment base by waves, it is necessary to carry out foot protection work using rubble, wave-dissipating blocks, etc. Revetments have been used in various places since ancient times, and there are various construction methods that make use of long-standing experience. [Takao Horiguchi] [Reference items] | | | |©Shogakukan "> River and coastal revetments Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
河岸または海岸の現地盤をコンクリート、アスファルト、石材などで被覆して侵食から守り、河水、海水などが陸側へ浸入するのを防ぐ施設。河川では広い意味に用いるとき、岸から川の中へ突き出す水制という工作物をも護岸に含めることもあるが、一般的には河岸もしくは堤防を保護する施設をいう。 河川護岸は法覆(のりふく)工、法留(のりどめ)工、根固(ねがた)め工の3部分からなる。法覆工は、流勢に応じて芝、蛇籠(じゃかご)、石、コンクリート、アスファルトなどによって法面を保護し、法留工は、杭(くい)、土台木、矢板などによって斜面の滑り出しを防ぎ、根固め工は、沈床(ちんしょう)、捨石(すていし)、蛇籠、枠工、コンクリート異形ブロックなどを用いる。 海岸護岸では越波を防ぐため、波返しまたは胸壁をつけることが多く、法面の被覆もほとんどの場合コンクリートである。波による護岸基部の洗掘に対しては、捨石、消波ブロックなどを用いて根固め工を施す必要がある。護岸施設は古来から各地で用いられており、昔からの経験を生かした種々の工法がある。 [堀口孝男] [参照項目] | | | |©Shogakukan"> 河川護岸と海岸護岸 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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