Cold air mass - Kankidan

Japanese: 寒気団 - かんきだん
Cold air mass - Kankidan

An air mass that has moved to the surface of the earth where it is warmer than its source. It is also called a cold air mass. As it is heated from below, it gradually becomes unstable, causing up-and-down convection, resulting in cumulus-type clouds. Because it is dry over land, it does not develop and only cumulus-type clouds appear, but over the ocean, it receives a sufficient supply of water vapor and develops into a cumulonimbus cloud, causing rain or snow.

The Siberian air mass is a typical cold air mass, and when a dry continental air mass blows across the Sea of ​​Japan, it supplies a large amount of water vapor from the Sea of ​​Japan, where the Tsushima Warm Current flows. When this moist air hits the mountain range (the Sekiryou Mountain Range) that runs through the center of the Japanese archipelago, it becomes an updraft and generates cumulonimbus clouds, causing the largest amount of snowfall in the world in the areas along the Sea of ​​Japan.

Alternatively, it can refer to an air mass that is cooler than adjacent air masses.

[Yo Narumura]

[References] | Air masses | Siberian air masses | Cumulonimbus clouds | Cumulonimbus clouds

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

発源地よりも暖かい地表面に移動した気団。冷気団ともいう。下層から暖められるのでしだいに不安定となり上下の対流がおこり、積雲系の雲を生じる。陸地では乾燥しているので発達せずに積雲程度の雲が現れるだけであるが、海洋上では水蒸気の十分な補給を受け積乱雲にまで発達し雨や雪を降らせる。

 シベリア気団は代表的な寒気団で、大陸性の乾燥した気団が日本海を吹き渡るときに、対馬暖流(つしまだんりゅう)が流れている日本海から大量の水蒸気が供給される。この湿った空気が日本列島中央部を走る山脈(脊梁(せきりょう)山脈)にぶつかると、上昇気流となって積乱雲が発生し、日本海側の地方に世界的にみても大量の雪を降らせる。

 なお、これとは別に、隣接の気団に対して相対的に冷たい気団をさすこともある。

[饒村 曜]

[参照項目] | 気団 | シベリア気団 | 積雲 | 積乱雲

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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