Musical notation; Notenschrift

Japanese: 記譜法 - きふほう（英語表記）musical notation; Notenschrift

A method of spatially and visually expressing music, which is a time-based art, using symbols. Currently, the modern European staff notation is the most expressive and common. However, since it is originally closely linked to a certain musical style, expressing non-European music or European music before the Renaissance in staff notation is a kind of translation, and there is a risk of distorting the music itself. Other than Europe, peoples with advanced musical cultures have their own methods of notation, and a wide variety of notation methods have been used. The most basic types are: (1) motive notation, which expresses basic motives or melodic forms with letters or symbols; (2) neumes, which show the ascending and descending movements of the melody with concrete curves; (3) tablature notation, which shows the playing method of an instrument with letters, numbers, and other symbols; (4) letter notation, which shows the pitch of each note with letters; and (5) line notation, which shows the pitch of each note by drawing one or more horizontal lines and the horizontal relationship between the line and the note.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

時間芸術である音楽を諸記号によって，空間的可視的に書き表わす方法。現在では近代ヨーロッパの五線記譜法が最も表示力に富み一般的。しかし本来は，ある特定の音楽様式と密接に結びついているので，非ヨーロッパ圏の音楽やルネサンス以前のヨーロッパ音楽を五線記譜法で表わすことは，一種の翻訳であり，音楽自体を変形する危険がある。ヨーロッパ以外にも高度な音楽文化を有する諸民族は独自の記譜法をもっており，多種多様な記譜法が用いられてきている。そのうち最も基本的なタイプは，(1) 動機譜　基本的な動機または旋律型を，文字か記号で表わす，(2) ネウマ譜　旋律の上行，下行の動きを具体的にカーブで表示する，(3) タブラチュア譜　楽器の奏法を文字，数字などの記号で示す，(4) 文字譜　個々の音の高さを文字で表わす，(5) 譜線譜　水平の線を1本あるいはそれ以上引き，線と音符の水平関係から個々の音符の高さを示す，の5種。

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