A temple building where lectures on scriptures and sermons are given. Usually built behind the main hall, in Zen temples it is called a hatto (lecture hall). In Sanskrit it corresponds to prāsāda. When actually giving a lecture, the principal image is enshrined there, and the lecturer faces the principal image and sits on the altar to lecture, while the masses split up to the left and right and listen. The name of the lecture hall is found in the 50th chapter of the "Agama Sutra," for example, which says, "The Buddha was in the Bisha-ri-fue lecture hall, accompanied by a large congregation of five hundred monks," and is believed to have existed in India since the time of primitive Buddhism. In China, the first volume of the "Luoyang Garan Ji" (Records of the Temples of Luoyang), states that "in the first year of the Putai era of the Liang Dynasty (531), a lecture hall was established at the Jianzhong Temple in Luoyang." In Japan, many lecture halls were built at the great temples of Nanto and Beiling, but few remain. Lecture halls at Toshodaiji, Horyu-ji, Taimadera, Kairyuo-ji, Koryuji, Shoshasan Engyo-ji, and others have been designated national treasures and important cultural properties. Of these, the lecture halls at Toshodaiji and Horyu-ji are almost identical in structure and are representative examples of architecture from the Nara period. The great lecture hall at Enryaku-ji Temple on Mount Hiei was famous as a place of academic research and was built in the early Edo period, but it burned down in 1956 (Showa 31). Nowadays, the meaning has changed to refer to a building where lectures and speeches are given in schools and other places. [Matsumoto Shiro] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
経典を講義したり、説法したりする寺院の建物。普通、金堂の後ろに建てられ、禅宗寺院では法堂(はっとう)とよぶ。サンスクリット語ではプラーサーダprāsādaに相当する。実際に講義するときには、本尊を安置し、講師は本尊に向かい、礼盤(らいばん)に座って講じ、大衆は左右に分かれて聴聞(ちょうもん)する。講堂の名は、たとえば『増一阿含経(ぞういちあごんきょう)』第50に、「仏は毗舎離普会(びしゃりふえ)講堂の所にあり、大比丘(びく)衆五百人と倶(とも)なり」とあり、インドにおいてすでに原始仏教時代から存在していたとされる。中国では、『洛陽伽藍記(らくようがらんき)』第1の中に、「梁(りょう)の普泰(ふたい)元年(531)に洛陽建中寺に講堂を設けた」と記されている。日本では、南都北嶺(なんとほくれい)の諸大寺に多くの講堂が建てられたが現存するものは少なく、唐招提寺(とうしょうだいじ)、法隆寺、當麻寺(たいまでら)、海竜王寺、広隆寺、書写山円教寺などの講堂は、国宝、国の重要文化財に指定されている。そのうち、唐招提寺と法隆寺の講堂はほとんど同じ構造で、奈良時代の代表的建築である。比叡山(ひえいざん)延暦寺(えんりゃくじ)の大講堂は、学問研究の場として有名で、江戸初期の建築であったが、1956年(昭和31)に焼失した。現在では意味が転じて、学校などで講義や講演を行う建物を講堂というようになった。 [松本史朗] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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