Kohigashi-so

This was a manor owned by Todaiji Temple in Kitago, Hirose County, Yamato Province (near Kawai Town, Kitakatsuragi County, Nara Prefecture). Every year, Todaiji Temple was to receive from the state 35 koku 5 to of polished rice, 6 koku 4 to 8 sho 5 go of annual oil as an offering to the Great Buddha, and 21 koku 6 to 2 sho 7 go of ango offerings. The actual payments were made by the Yamato Kokuga (provincial office of the provincial government), but due to the relaxation of the Ritsuryo taxation system, it became difficult for the Kokuga to make payments, and eventually villages and towns in Yamato Province were designated to make payments directly to Todaiji Temple. In order to supply rice, 36 cho (1 cho is approximately 119 ares) of exempted fields (1 to per tan) were set aside, and in 1054 (Tenki 2), seven of these cho were allocated to Ootainumarumyo in Hirose County, and from 1076 (Shoho 3), 11 cho were allocated to Ootainumarumyo. The area centered around this name gradually came to be known as Kotosho.

The 1144 (Ten'yo 1) tsubo-tsuke (land register) lists approximately 40 residents, 20 cho of rice paddies, over 11 cho of farmland, over 5 cho of house land, and just under 4 cho of forests and mountains, totaling approximately 40 cho of land.

[Jiro Yasuda]

"Inagaki Yasuhiko, 'A Study of Medieval Japanese Social History' (1981, University of Tokyo Press)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

大和(やまと)国広瀬郡北郷（奈良県北葛城(きたかつらぎ)郡河合町付近）の東大寺領荘園。東大寺は毎年大仏の供料として白米35石5斗、年料油(ねんりょうゆ)6石4斗8升5合、安居(あんご)供養料21石6斗2升7合などを国家から支給されることになっていた。実際の納入は大和国衙(こくが)が行ったが、律令(りつりょう)制的徴税体系の弛緩(しかん)などにより国衙からの納付は困難になり、やがて大和国内の郷や名(みょう)が指定されてそこから東大寺へ直接納入が図られるようになった。白米納入のために36町（1町は約119アール）の免田(めんでん)（反別1斗）が設定されることになり、1054年（天喜2）にはそのうち7町が、1076年（承保3）からは11町が広瀬郡の大田犬丸名(おおたいぬまるみょう)にあてられており、同名を中心とした地域がしだいに小東荘として成立していった。

　1144年（天養1）の坪付(つぼつけ)には荘民約40人、田20町、畠(はた)11町余、屋敷地5町余、林や山4町弱の総計約40町の荘地が登録されている。

［安田次郎］

『稲垣泰彦著『日本中世社会史論』（1981・東京大学出版会）』

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例