Pathology

Japanese: Gehirnpathologie
Pathology

...A field of study that studies higher-level mental activity in humans in relation to the structure of the brain. Cerebral pathology, which studies aphasia, apraxia, and agnosia in relation to brain disorders, developed in German-speaking countries, but since 1960, mainly in the United States, the term neuropsychology has been used instead of cerebral pathology, as the research subjects have expanded to include experiments on the language, behavior, and cognitive mechanisms of normal humans and animal experiments in addition to aphasia, apraxia, and agnosia. Since language, behavior, and cognition are tools that people use to carry out mental activities, aphasia, apraxia, and agnosia are called instrumental disorders, and are considered to be disorders of higher-level symbolic functions caused by central nervous system disorders, rather than peripheral nervous system disorders such as deafness, motor paralysis, and sensory paralysis. ...

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Gehirnpathologie" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…人の高次の精神活動を脳の構造との関連において研究する学問分野。失語,失行,失認を脳障害との関連で研究する大脳病理学Gehirnpathologieはドイツ語圏で発達したが,1960年以降,アメリカを中心に,失語,失行,失認に正常人の言語・行為・認知機構についての実験や動物実験を研究対象に加え,大脳病理学にかえて神経心理学という用語が用いられるようになった。言語,行為,認知は人が精神活動を営むための道具なので,失語,失行,失認は道具障害といわれ,聾啞(ろうあ),運動麻痺,感覚麻痺などの末梢神経障害ではなく,中枢神経障害による高次の象徴機能の障害とされる。…

※「Gehirnpathologie」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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