Emperor of Heaven - Koutenjoutei

Japanese: 昊天上帝 - こうてんじょうてい

The supreme god of the universe who appears in Confucian scriptures such as the Book of Songs and the Book of Documents. "Haotian" means the great heaven, and "Shangdi" means the emperor in heaven. He is also called "Emperor of Heavenly Heaven," "Emperor of Empress," or simply "Shangdi." He is a personal god who presides over all things and fairly and selflessly judges the good and bad actions of the common people, bringing about good and bad fortune. In particular, since it was thought that the survival of a dynasty depended on the will of Shangdi, his rituals were considered the most important national rituals, to be performed by the emperor himself. [Mugiya Kunio]

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

《詩経》《書経》などの儒教経典に見える宇宙の最高神。〈昊天〉は大いなる天，〈上帝〉は天上の帝王の意。〈皇天上帝〉〈皇皇后帝〉ともいい，単に〈上帝〉ともいう。万物の上に位置してこれを主宰し，下民の行為の善悪を公平無私に評定して禍福を下す人格神であり，特に，王朝の存亡は上帝の意志によると考えられたため，その祭祀は帝王みずからが行うべき最も重要な国家祭祀とされた。【麦谷邦夫】

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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