In animal taxonomy, this is a group of animals that form one phylum, Onychophora. It consists of about 70 species in the class Peripatidea, and fossils have been found since the Cambrian period of the Paleozoic era. In current systematic taxonomy, the prevailing theory is that some annelids differentiated and evolved into arthropods, and the basis for this is the Onychophora. Tardigrades and tongue worms are also considered to be intermediate between annelids and arthropods. Although there is no direct relationship between these three groups of animals, they are sometimes grouped together as paraarthropods, in the sense that they have the same degree of differentiation in their body plan. Of these, Onychophora has the most annelid-like appearance, and is generally worm-like with a body length of up to 10 centimeters. Although the segmented structure cannot be seen from the outside, many excretory organs are lined up in segments like the kidneys of annelids, and many legs are paired. The ends of their legs have anchor-like claws, from which the names hookworms and onychophora come from. The structure of their muscles and brain also show strong similarities to annelids, but the heart, body cavity, trachea, mouthparts, and egg development pattern are largely similar to arthropods. They live in moist areas in the forests of tropical and subtropical regions such as Southeast Asia, Australia, and South America. [Masamichi Takeda] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
動物分類学上、一つの門Onychophoraを形成する動物群。カギムシ綱Peripatideaの約70種からなり、化石は古生代カンブリア紀から出ている。現在の系統分類学では、環形動物のあるものが分化して節足動物に進化したという説が有力であるが、その根拠となるのが有爪動物である。環形動物と節足動物の中間に位置する動物として緩歩(かんぽ)動物と舌形(したがた)動物もあげられる。これら三動物群の間には直接的な類縁関係はないが、体制の分化程度が同じという意味で側節足動物としてまとめられることがある。なかでも、有爪動物がもっとも環形動物的な外形で、一般に体長10センチメートルまでの長虫状である。外からは体節構造は見られないが、多数の排出器官が環形動物の腎管(じんかん)のように体節的に前後に並んで開いており、また多数の脚(あし)が対(つい)をなしている。脚の先には、錨(いかり)のようなつめがあり、それがカギムシや有爪動物の名の由来である。筋肉や脳の構造も環形動物との強い類縁を示しているが、心臓、体腔(たいこう)、気管、口器、卵の発生様式などは節足動物と一致するところが多い。東南アジア、オーストラリア、南アメリカなどの熱帯・亜熱帯地方の森林中の湿った土地にすむ。 [武田正倫] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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