A corporate group made up of large companies. Representative examples include the former zaibatsu Mitsui Group, Mitsubishi Group, and Sumitomo Group, as well as bank-centered groups such as the former Fuji Bank (Fuyo Group), the former Dai-Ichi Kangyo Bank (Dai-Ichi Kangyo Bank Group), and the former Sanwa Bank (Sanwa Group). They are sometimes collectively referred to as the "six major corporate groups." In the old zaibatsu era, holding companies existed as control institutions, but this was prohibited from after World War II until the Antimonopoly Act was revised in 1997. Instead, financial institutions within the group played a central role through loans and stock holdings, and a meeting of presidents of each group company was established. Corporate groups have advantages such as mutual sales and supply of raw materials and products, and the promotion of large-scale projects. However, in the 2000s, restructuring beyond group boundaries began to progress, such as the merger of Sumitomo Bank and Sakura Bank, which were core companies of each group, to form Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, and the merger of Fuji Bank, Dai-Ichi Kangyo Bank, and the Industrial Bank of Japan to form Mizuho Financial Group. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
大企業によって構成される企業グループで,旧財閥系の三井グループ,三菱グループ,住友グループなどや旧富士銀行 (芙蓉グループ ) ,旧第一勧業銀行 (第一勧業銀行グループ ) ,旧三和銀行 (三和グループ ) など銀行を中心としたグループが代表例。「6大企業集団」と総称されることもある。旧財閥時代には統制機関として持株会社が存在したが,これは第2次世界大戦後から 1997年に独占禁止法が改正されるまで禁止されていたため,代わってグループ内の金融機関が融資,株式保有などを通じて中心的な役割を果たしたり,グループ各社の社長会を設けていた。企業集団は原料,製品の相互販売や供給,巨大プロジェクトの推進などで利点をもつ。しかし 2000年代に入って,それぞれグループの中核企業だった住友銀行とさくら銀行が合併して三井住友銀行が誕生したほか,富士銀行と第一勧業銀行,日本興業銀行が合併してみずほフィナンシャルグループが発足するなど,グループの垣根をこえた再編が進み始めた。
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