Koden

Japanese: 公田 - こうでん

〘Noun〙① Under the ritsuryo system, fields owned by the state. Publicly owned fields. This includes kubunden, iden, and shokuden. [Ritsuryo Shukai (868)]② Refers to nori-den in the ritsuryo system. Fields remaining after dividing kubunden, iden, and shokuden from public fields in the broad sense of ①. Surplus field. Fields with no occupying usufruct. Farmers were rented the fields and cultivated, and the state made a profit. ⇔Private field (shiden). [Ritsuryo Gikai (718)]③ Public fields in contrast to private fields in the Middle Ages. Kuden. (a) Public land in contrast to manors. ※Hizen Kawakami Shrine Documents - August 16, 1292 (Shoo 5), Order for the total number of fields for the construction of Hizen Kawakami Shrine "1. Manor portion, Mieya Manor, 275 cho 5 tan (omitted) 2. Public fields, Kinshi Kitago, 157 cho 8 tan 3 jo" (B) Fields recorded in the Ota document, regardless of whether they were manors or public lands. The number of fields used as the basis for the imposition of the average tax for the province and the Gokenin tax. ※Kaga Morita Documents - September 6, 1221 (Jokyu 3), Catalog of the number of fields in Noto Province "The above is a _list of the number of public fields in the four provinces, manors, and governorates of the province" (C) Fixed fields within manors and public lands confirmed by inspection. ※Addition to the Konoe family version - Dec. 19, 1232 (Joei 1) Kanto Imperial Edict "However, there are _two _main areas, _and if _{there is} a limit, _{it can be} _used _as _{a public} field." ④ In the Chinese method of well -plowed fields, a public field in the center. The eight surrounding families took turns cultivating it, and the harvest was used as tax. [Book of Songs - Xiaoya - Large Fields]

Ku-den [Koda]

〘Noun〙 ("Ku" is the Go-on pronunciation of "public") = Kouden (public field) ※Tales of Mikawa (around 1626) 1 "I was once appointed as the magistrate of the area called Nakano-go, Kuden, _worth 100 kan."

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙① 令制で、国家に所有権がある田地。公有田。口分田をはじめ、位田、職田なども含まれる。〔令集解（868）〕② 令制で乗田のこと。広義の公田①から、口分田、位田、賜田などを分割してなお残った田地。余剰の田地。占有用益者のいない田地。農民に賃租させて耕作し、国家が収益をあげた。⇔私田(しでん)。〔令義解（718）〕③ 中世の私田に対する公田。くでん。(イ) 荘園に対する公領。※肥前河上神社文書‐正応五年（1292）八月一六日・肥前河上宮造営用途支配惣田数注文「一庄薗分、三重屋庄二百七十五丁五反〈略〉一公田分、基肆北郷百五十七丁八反三丈」(ロ) 荘園・公領を問わず、大田文に記載された田。一国平均役・御家人役の賦課基準となる田数。※加賀森田文書‐承久三年（1221）九月六日・能登国田数目録「右、国中四郡庄郷保公田田数目録如_レ件」(ハ) 検注で確定された荘園公領内の定田。※近衛家本追加‐貞永元年（1232）一二月一九日・関東御教書「但自_二本所_一遂_二有_レ限検注_一時者、可_レ為_二公田_一也」④ 中国の井田法(せいでんほう)で、中央にある公有の田。その周囲の八家の者が交互にこれを耕して、その収穫を租税とした。〔詩経‐小雅・大田〕