The person in charge of a school is appointed under the School Education Act. His/her duties are to manage school affairs and supervise the staff (Article 37, Clause 4 of the School Education Act; also applies mutatis mutandis to regulations for junior high schools, etc.). School affairs refer to not only the educational activities of children and students, but also all the administrative tasks required to complete them, and include those stipulated by law and those delegated by the superintendent of education to the principal. Furthermore, "supervision" of staff is considered to be guidance and advice, not command and supervision. Heads of schools, which are the organizations that implement education, are required to have educational leadership based on a wealth of educational knowledge and experience that enables them to manage schools in a way that develops autonomous educational activities. Support from educational administration and researchers is important for the development of such principals. Based on the characteristics of the principal's duties, a high level of educational expertise has been required for principals. This is why the qualifications include (1) a teacher's license or a specialized license, and (2) having worked in education for more than five years. However, with the revision of the ministerial ordinance in 2000, the qualifications were relaxed, and even those without a teaching license or experience in education can be appointed as principals (so-called private sector principals). The purpose of this is to secure a wide range of excellent human resources and implement organized and flexible school management that makes use of experience in the private sector, thereby revitalizing school education. [Masako Koyanagi and Hirofumi Hamada] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
学校教育法に基づいて置かれる、学校における最高責任者。その職務は、校務をつかさどり、所属職員を監督することである(学校教育法37条第4項。中学校等の規定にも準用される)。校務とは児童・生徒の教育活動はもちろん、それを完遂するために要求される諸般の事務をさし、法令上規定されているものや、教育長が校長に委任するもの等がある。また所属職員の「監督」とは、指揮監督ではなく指導助言であるとされる。 教育を実施する組織である学校の長には、自律的な教育活動を展開する学校経営を可能とする豊かな教育的知見・経験を基にした教育的なリーダーシップが求められる。そのような校長の育成に対し、教育行政や研究者からの支援が重要なものとなっている。 また、上記校長の職務の特徴に基づき、これまで校長には高度の教育的専門性が必要とされてきた。その資格要件に(1)教諭の一種普通免許状または専修免許状を有し、(2)5年以上教育に関する職にあったこととあるのはそのためである。しかし、2000年(平成12)の省令改正により、校長の資格要件が緩和され、教員免許状をもたず、教育に関する職についた経験がないものであっても登用が可能となっている(いわゆる民間人校長)。これは幅広く優れた人材を確保し、民間企業での経験を生かした組織的・機動的な学校運営を実施することで、学校教育の活性化等を図ることを目的としている。 [小柳雅子・浜田博文] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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