Geng Zhongming - Kouchumei

The first military commander of the late Ming and Qing dynasties in China. His courtesy name was Yuntai. He was from Gaizhou, Liaodong (Gaiping County, Liaoning Province). He served under Ming general Mao Wenlong, who fought against the Manchu army from Pi Island in the Liaodong Sea. When Mao Wenlong was killed by Yuan Chonghuan due to tactical disagreements, he fled to Dengzhou, Shandong with his colleague Kong Youde, and rebelled in 1632, joining the Qing (then Later Jin) the following year. He was favored by the Qing and fought against the Ming in Port Arthur, Datong and various parts of Liaoxi with Kong Youde and others. In 1636, he was enfeoffed as King of Huaishun, and in 1642, he was incorporated into the Han army's Zhenghuang Banner. After entering the Qing Dynasty in 44, he distinguished himself by subduing the forces of Li Zicheng in Shaanxi and the anti-Qing forces in Jiangnan and Hunan. In 49, he was re-enfeoffed as King of Jingnan and was on his way to subjugate the Southern Ming forces in Canton when it was discovered that one of his subordinates had been hiding a fugitive. After receiving an imperial order to interrogate him, he committed suicide in Ji'an, Jiangxi.

[Kishimoto Mio]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、明(みん)末清(しん)初の武将。字(あざな)は雲台。遼東(りょうとう)蓋州(がいしゅう)（遼寧省蓋平県）の人。遼東海上の皮島を拠点として満州軍と戦っていた明将毛文竜の部下であったが、戦術上の不一致から毛文竜が袁崇煥(えんすうかん)に殺されると、同僚の孔有徳(こうゆうとく)とともに山東登州に逃れ、1632年反乱を起こして翌年清（当時は後金(こうきん)）に投じた。清に優遇され、孔有徳らとともに旅順、大同および遼西各地において明との戦闘に従事し、36年懐順王に封ぜられ、42年には漢軍正黄旗に編入された。44年清の入関後、陝西(せんせい)の李自成(りじせい)軍や江南・湖南の反清勢力の平定に従って功をたてた。49年靖南(せいなん)王に改封されて広東(カントン)の南明(なんみん)勢力討伐に向かう途上、部下の逃人隠匿が発覚し、糾問の上諭(じょうゆ)を受けて、江西吉安(きつあん)で自殺した。

［岸本美緒］

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